Figure 2.

Transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 8 (TRPM8) activation by menthol inhibits Angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced cytosolic Ca²⁺ influx and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ elevation. A and B, Change in Fura‐2 fluorescence intensity showing that menthol pretreatment blunted Ang II–induced Ca²⁺ influx in primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from wild‐type (WT) but not Trpm8^−/− mice in Ca²⁺‐free 60 mmol/L K⁺‐containing solution. MitoTEMPO (Mito T, 20 μmol/L) treatment hindered Ang II–induced Ca²⁺ influx. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ dynamics in WT (C) and Trpm8^−/− (D) VSMCs treated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP, 100 μmol/L) in 0.3 mmol/L extracellular Ca²⁺. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ dynamics in WT (E) and Trpm8^−/− (F) VSMCs treated by histamine (1 μmol/L) in 0.3 mmol/L extracellular Ca²⁺. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs vehicle (saline or ethanol as appropriate [Con]); ^## P<0.01 vs Ang II. Data are expressed as mean±SEM. n=3. A indicates angiotensin II; A+M, menthol plus Ang II treatment; M, menthol.