Table 2.
Characteristics of Study Subjects at Their First Observation in Childhood and Their Most Recent Observation in Adulthood
| BHS | IS | PLRS | YFS | P Valuea | All Cohorts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1983 | 322 | 562 | 2936 | 5803 | |
| Childhood data | ||||||
| Age, y | 11.2±3.5 | 14.3±1.6 | 12.6±3.1 | 10.9±3.9 | <0.0001 | 11.8±4.0 |
| Age range, y | 3 to 18 | 11 to 18 | 6 to 18 | 3 to 18 | 3 to 18 | |
| Ethinicity (white/black %) | 62/38 | 78/22 | 71/29 | 100/0 | <0.0001 | 76/24 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.3±4.5 | 22.8±5.2 | 19.9±4.4 | 17.9±3.0 | <0.0001 | 19.2±4.3 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 102±11 | 108±9 | 104±13 | 111±11 | <0.0001 | 106±12 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 50±13 | 56±13 | 63±11 | 65±10 | <0.0001 | 56±14 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.6±0.5 | 4.9±0.4 | 4.8±0.44 | 4.7±0.7 | <0.0001 | 4.6±0.5 |
| Insulin, mU/L | 10.4±8.2 | 11.5±8.8 | ··· | 10.0±6.8 | 0.16 | 10.4±7.6 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.78±0.40 | 1.01±0.58 | 0.85±0.42 | 0.77±0.35 | <0.0001 | 0.79±0.40 |
| HDL‐cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.50±0.44 | 1.13±0.25 | 1.39±0.32 | 1.60±0.32 | <0.0001 | 1.51±0.40 |
| Childhood MetS, % | ||||||
| MetSNCEP75 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 0.16 | 19 |
| MetSPed | 9 | 14 | 4 | 3 | <0.0001 | 6 |
| MetSCook | 5 | 9 | 14 | 3 | <0.0001 | 5 |
| Continuous MetS score (mean) | −0.95±0.78 | −0.10±0.69 | −0.71±0.78 | −0.67±0.63 | <0.0001 | −0.83±0.80 |
| Adulthood data | ||||||
| Age, y | 31.3±8.0 | 23.3±2.5 | 42.1±6.8 | 34.4±8.1 | <0.0001 | 33.2±8.5 |
| Age range, y | 19 to 51 | 19 to 35 | 19 to 57 | 21 to 50 | 19 to 57 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.5±7.1 | 26.4±6.5 | 28.7±6.9 | 25.3±4.7 | <0.0001 | 26.5±6.2 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 114±13 | 110±10 | 120±15 | 119±14 | <0.0001 | 116±14 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 69±11 | 65±10 | 79±11 | 73±11 | <0.0001 | 71±11 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.7±0.9 | 4.8±0.8 | 5.0±1.5 | 5.2±0.9 | <0.0001 | 4.9±1.0 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.32±0.95 | 1.09±0.63 | 1.52±1.47 | 1.30±0.94 | <0.0001 | 1.31±0.97 |
| HDL‐cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.28±0.40 | 1.19±0.28 | 1.18±0.38 | 1.35±0.34 | <0.0001 | 1.30±0.37 |
| MetS, % | 20 | 9 | 32 | 25 | 0.009 | 23 |
| T2DM, % | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2.5 | 0.17 | 2 |
| cIMT mean, mm | ··· | 0.443±0.057 | ··· | 0.603±0.097 | <0.0001 | 0.591±0.104 |
| cIMT maximum, mm | 0.719±0.192 | ··· | 0.643±0.101 | <0.0001 | 0.672±0.148 | |
Values are mean (SD), unless otherwise mentioned. BHS indicates the Bogalusa Heart Study; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; cIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; IS, the Insulin Study; MetS, metabolic syndrome; PLRS, the Princeton Lipid Research Study; YFS, the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
a
Age‐ and sex‐adjusted P values from group comparisons.