Table 3.
Associationsa of Birth Weight for Length, Postnatal Weight Gain, and Childhood Adiposity With BP Measured at Ages 10–12 Years in 395 Children From the QUALITY Cohort, Quebec, Canada, 2005–2011
| Systolic BP | Diastolic BP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: adjusted for covariates | ||||
| Birth weight for length z score | −0.01 | (−0.09 to 0.06) | −0.03 | (−0.08 to 0.01) |
| Postnatal weight gain (0.5 weight for length z score from 0 to 2 y) | 0.01 | (−0.01 to 0.04) | −0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.004) |
| Model 2: adjusted for covariates and percentage of body fat | ||||
| Birth weight for length z score | −0.04 | (−0.1 to 0.04) | −0.05 | (−0.09 to −0.002) |
| Postnatal weight gain (0.5 weight for length z score from 0 to 2 y) | 0.0004 | (−0.02 to 0.03) | −0.02 | (−0.03 to −0.002) |
| Percentage of total body fat (at 8–10 y) | 0.02 | (0.009 to 0.03) | 0.008 | (0.003 to 0.01) |
BP indicates blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; QUALITY, Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth.
Birth weight for length and postnatal growth in weight for length were entered simultaneously in model 1, and models were adjusted for child's age, sex, parental education, gestational age, breastfeeding, and in utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension and maternal smoking. Model 2 is the same as model 1 but is further adjusted for percentage of total body fat mass. β coefficients (95% CI) for BP z scores based on values from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.