Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality initiation using different definitions of depression
| Definition of Depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| On the Basis of Algorithm (Main Model) | On the Basis of Algorithm and/or Antidepressant Medication | On the Basis of Algorithm and/or Antidepressant Medication | |||||
| Absence of Depression | Presence of Depression | Absence of Depression | Presence of Depression | Absence of Depression | Depression with Absence of Pharmacotherapy | Depression Treated with Pharmacotherapy | |
| Patients | 34,622 | 10,454 | 31,135 | 13,941 | 31,135 | 5000 | 8941 |
| Events | 19,948 (58) | 5953 (57) | 17,711 (57) | 8190 (59) | 17,711 (57) | 2798 (56) | 5392 (60) |
| Crude incident rate | 286 (282 to 290) | 289 (282 to 297) | 280 (276 to 284) | 302 (296 to 309) | 280 (276 to 284) | 283 (273 to 294) | 313 (304 to 321) |
| Unadjusted, n=41,582 | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 1 (Reference) | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.13) |
| Model 1, n=41,582 | 1 (Reference) | 1.20 (1.17 to 1.24) | 1 (Reference) | 1.24 (1.21 to 1.28) | 1 (Reference) | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.23) | 1.29 (1.25 to 1.33) |
| Model 2, n=41,582 | 1 (Reference) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 1 (Reference) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.09) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.11) |
| Model 3, n=41,582 | 1 (Reference) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 1.10 (1.07 to 1.13) | 1 (Reference) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.18) |
| Model 4, n=20,542 | 1 (Reference) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1 (Reference) | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.16) | 1 (Reference) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19) |
Data are presented as number (percentage) or hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise specified. The crude incident rate presented is in per 1000 patient-years. Models are as follows. Unadjusted model: only exposure variable included. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and marital status. Model 2 additionally accounted for comorbidities (dementia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, connective tissue disease, lung disease, peptic ulcer disease, HIV, diabetes mellitus, stroke/paraplegia, liver disease, malignancy, and hypertension), type of vascular access (arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, or catheter), eGFR slope before ESRD initiation, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and numbers of mental health care and emergency department visits. Model 3 additionally accounted for medications (phosphorous binder, active vitamin D, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, bicarbonate, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, statins, and erythropoietin stimulating agents). Model 4 additionally accounted for blood hemoglobin, serum albumin, income, and cardiovascular medication adherence.