Table 2.
Association between medications reported and QT interval corrected for heart rate prolongation on electrocardiogram obtained at annual study visits (n=16,451)
| Drug | CMO Category | N, Visits | Adjusted Difference in QTc, ms | Adjusted OR (QTc≥450) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate [95% CI] | P Value | Estimate [95% CI] | P Value | |||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | ||||||
| Sertraline | C | 516 | 1 [−1 to 3] | 0.15 | 1.3 [0.8 to 2.2] | 0.26 |
| Fluoxetine | C | 495 | 4 [2 to 6] | <0.001 | 1.7 [1.1 to 2.7] | 0.02 |
| Citalopram | K | 306 | 4 [2 to 7] | 0.002 | 1.8 [1.0 to 3.1] | 0.04 |
| Paroxetine | C | 222 | 1 [−2 to 4] | 0.44 | 1.2 [0.7 to 2.1] | 0.58 |
| Escitalopram | K | 203 | 3 [0 to 6] | 0.03 | 2.2 [1.1 to 4.2] | 0.02 |
| Other antidepressants | ||||||
| Amitriptyline | C | 476 | 2 [0 to 4] | 0.14 | 1.3 [0.8 to 2.2] | 0.24 |
| Trazodone | C | 356 | 0 [−2 to 2] | 0.95 | 0.8 [0.4 to 1.5] | 0.50 |
| Venlafaxine | P | 219 | 3 [0 to 5] | 0.05 | 1.1 [0.5 to 2.7] | 0.84 |
| Nortriptyline | P | 165 | −3 [6 to 0] | 0.03 | 0.9 [0.4 to 1.9] | 0.80 |
| Mirtazapine | P | 106 | −3 [−7 to 1] | 0.24 | 0.6 [0.2 to 1.7] | 0.34 |
| Other central nervous system drugs | ||||||
| Hydroxyzine | C | 213 | 4 [1 to 6] | 0.004 | 2.1 [1.2 to 3.7] | <0.01 |
| Quetiapine | C | 151 | −1 [−5 to 2] | 0.43 | 1.8 [0.8 to 4.0] | 0.12 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | ||||||
| Omeprazole | — | 1626 | 1 [0 to 2] | 0.13 | 1.1 [0.9 to 1.6] | 0.21 |
| Esomeprazole | — | 834 | −1 [−3 to 0] | 0.13 | 0.6 [0.4 to 1.1] | 0.09 |
| Lansoprazole | — | 525 | −2 [−3 to 0] | 0.09 | 0.7 [0.4 to 1.2] | 0.24 |
| Pantoprazole | C | 447 | −1 [−3 to 1] | 0.30 | 0.9 [0.5 to 1.3] | 0.50 |
| Rabeprazole | — | 143 | 0 [−4 to 3] | 0.75 | 1.6 [0.8 to 3.2] | 0.17 |
| Other drugs | ||||||
| Diphenhydramine | C | 695 | 0 [−2 to 1] | 0.82 | 1.1 [0.8 to 1.6] | 0.51 |
| Famotidine | P | 342 | 1 [−1 to 3] | 0.49 | 1.0 [0.6 to 1.9] | 0.88 |
| Metoclopramide | C | 274 | 0 [−2 to 2] | 0.97 | 0.8 [0.4 to 1.5] | 0.50 |
| Quinine | C | 132 | 1 [−1 to 4] | 0.43 | 0.9 [0.4 to 1.9] | 0.71 |
| Amiodarone | K | 121 | 10 [5 to 14] | <0.001 | 3.9 [2.1 to 7.2] | <0.001 |
| Cilostazol | K | 108 | −3 [−6 to 1] | 0.18 | 0.6 [0.2 to 1.7] | 0.38 |
| Tolterodine | P | 106 | −1 [−5 to 4] | 0.79 | 1.2 [0.5 to 3.1] | 0.63 |
This table includes all drugs taken at ≥100 visits, except diuretics. All estimates were adjusted for serum potassium, serum calcium, systolic BP, age, sex, race/ethnicity, eGFR, body mass index, current smoking, history of myocardial infarction/revascularization, hypertension, chronic heart failure, and stroke. CMO category, the CredibleMeds.org category; QTc, QT interval corrected for heart rate; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; C, conditional risk of torsade de pointes; K, known risk of torsade de pointes; P, possible risk of torsade de pointes; —, not on CredibleMeds.org list.