Table 1.
Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of patient groups
| Variables | Control group (n = 101) | Group 1 (n = 29) | Group 2 (n = 48) | Group 3 (n = 25) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 49.8 ± 11.3 | 47.9 ± 9.1 | 47.6 ± 7.5 | 0.30 |
| Male | 53 (52.5) | 16 (55.2) | 24 (50) | 13 (52) | 0.85 |
| BMI | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 28.1 ± 6.1 | 29.2 ± 4.6 | 28.3 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 85 ± 11.5 | 96.7 ± 12.6 | 97.9 ± 10.9 | 105.6 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 130 ± 19.3 | 133.6 ± 22.2 | 132.5 ± 12.0 | 143.4 ± 18.8 | 0.005 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.2 ± 12.7 | 82.8 ± 11.6 | 86.9 ± 6.1 | 89.8 ± 7.9 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 8 (7.9) | 10 (34.5) | 17 (35.4) | 8 (32) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 39 (38.6) | 16 (55.2) | 27 (56.3) | 16 (64) | 0.045 |
| Smoking | 40 (39.6) | 14 (48.3) | 27 (56.3) | 8 (32) | 0.14 |
| Ejection fraction | 64 ± 4.3 | 60.3 ± 2.8 | 61.6 ± 2.1 | 62.3 ± 2.2 | 0.44 |
| Medications | |||||
| Aspirin | 47 (46.5) | 15 (51.7) | 24 (50) | 13 (52) | 0.32 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 30 (29.7) | 10 (29.4) | 15 (31.2) | 8 (32) | 0.42 |
| β-Blocker | 10 (9.9) | 3 (10.3) | 5 (10.4) | 3 (12) | 0.24 |
| CCB | 3 (2.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (4.1) | 1 (4) | 0.40 |
| Statin | 10 (9.9) | 3 (10.3) | 5 (10.4) | 2 (8) | 0.35 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 90.8 ± 13 | 101 ± 12.6 | 113.7 ± 23.4 | 121.6 ± 30.2 | 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 38.9 ± 7.6 | 37.6 ± 8.5 | 40.3 ± 11.5 | 37.3 ± 6.6 | 0.11 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 118.3 ± 31.2 | 113.9 ± 23.1 | 115.8 ± 18.2 | 121.7 ± 38.5 | 0.33 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 131.0 ± 48.8 | 179.9 ± 74.2 | 169.3 ± 71.8 | 189.3 ± 79.9 | 0.04 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 12.3 ± 5.7 | 16.4 ± 9.2 | 15.9 ± 7.3 | 14.6 ± 7.3 | 0.12 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.78 ± 0.42 | 0.81 ± 0.30 | 0.82 ± 0.33 | 0.97 ± 0.24 | 0.21 |
| eGFR, ml/min | 104.3 ± 12.9 | 105.0 ± 14.1 | 100.6 ± 13.5 | 102.5 ± 14.8 | 0.15 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dl | 0.81 ± 0.46 | 1.41 ± 0.44 | 1.47 ± 0.58 | 1.88 ± 0.45 | <0.001 |
| Hb, g/dl | 12.4 ± 1.1 | 13.2 ± 1.7 | 12.9 ± 2.0 | 13.2 ± 1.3 | 0.77 |
| PTX-3, ng/ml | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.58 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.12 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
SBP = Systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CCB = calcium channel blocker; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Categorical variables were expressed as numbers with percentages in parentheses whereas numerical variables were expressed as means ± standard deviation. The comparisons between groups were done by the χ2 or Kruskal Wallis test where appropriate. p values are overall trend values between groups and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. The comparison between the control group and group 1 was done by the Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test. The significant p values for these two groups were as follows: BMI, p = 0.005; waist circumference, p < 0.001; diabetes mellitus, p = 0.001; glucose, p < 0.001; triglyceride, p < 0.001; BUN, p = 0.045; hs-CRP, p = 0.001; PTX-3, p < 0.001.