Table 3.

Postoperative complications and fluid management

	GDT	Control	p value
Cardiovascular complications
Hypotension	3 (7.5)	2 (5.0)	0.432
Arrhythmias	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000
Heart failure	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Respiratory complications
Ventilator support	2 (5.0)	2 (5.0)	1.000
ALI/ARDS	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000
Abdominal complications
Flatus time, h	10 ± 5	14 ± 11	0.042a
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Hepatic dysfunction	5 (12.5)	6 (15.0)	0.745
Hepatic failure	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000
Renal complications
Urine output 0 – 24 h, ml	1,625 (1,175 – 2,412)	2,000 (1,150 – 2,700)	0.263
Urine output 24 – 48 h, ml	2,500 (1,800 – 3,100)	2,200 (1,700 – 3,525)	0.672
Renal dysfunction	1 (2.5)	3 (7.5)	0.615
Renal failure	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000
Central nervous complications
POCD	1 (2.5)	1 (2.5)	1.000
Coma	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000
Infection-related complications
Pneumonia	4 (10.0)	3 (7.5)	1.000
Wound infection	0 (0)	1 (2.5)	1.000
Wound dehiscence	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Deep vein thrombosis	0 (0)	1 (2.5)	1.000
Nausea	5 (12.5)	8 (20.0)	0.363
Vomit	2 (5.0)	5 (12.5)	0.432
PCA requests	0 (0 – 2)	0 (0 – 2)	0.719
Fluid management, drainage
Fluid infused 0 – 24 h, ml	2,189 ± 659	2,109 ± 709	0.606
Fluid infused 24 – 48 h, ml	1,766 ± 965	1,806 ± 944	0.852
Blood transfusion, ml	0 (0 – 200)	0 (0 – 200)	0.625
Drainage volume 0 – 24 h, ml	132 (100 – 263)	107 (38 – 187)	0.062
Drainage volume 24 – 48 h, ml	60 (25 – 120)	47 (16 – 135)	0.397
Drainage removal time, days	2 ± 0	2 ± 0	0.196
Postoperative stay, days	12 ± 3	11 ± 7	0.802
Mortality	1 (2.5)	0 (0)	1.000

Values are presented as numbers (s%), medians (IQR), or means ± SD. ALI/ARDS = Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome; POCD = postoperative cognitive dysfunction; PCA requests = number of analgesic requirements with patient-control analgesia.

^ap < 0.05 indicates a significant difference.