Table 2.

Demographic, cognitive and functional, and clinical and psychological characteristic variables and their associations with PMI status (n=371)

Characteristics		PMI positive		PMI negative		p-value
		n	%	n	%
Demographic
Sex	Male	136	49.3	36	37.9	0.05
	Female	140	50.7	59	62.1
Education	Primary	194	70.3	65	68.4	0.78
	Secondary	67	24.3	23	24.2
	Tertiary	15	5.4	7	7.4
Marital status	Single	34	12.3	9	9.5	0.71
	Married	173	62.7	65	68.4
	Divorced	31	11.2	8	8.4
	Widow	38	13.8	13	13.7
Income per month	≤485 euros	127	46.0	49	51.6	0.35
	>485 euros	149	54.0	46	48.4
Socioeconomic statusa	Group 1	43	15.6	10	10.5	0.56
	Group 2	104	37.7	42	44.2
	Group 3	62	22.4	21	22.1
	Group 4	67	24.3	22	23.2
Cognitive and functional
Cognitive function	Normal	244	88.4	81	85.3	0.42
	Mild deficit	32	11.6	14	14.7
ECOG	0	88	31.9	32	33.7	0.83
	1	96	34.8	32	33.7
	2	46	16.7	15	15.8
	3	24	8.7	11	11.6
	4	22	7.9	5	5.2
Clinical and psychological
Drug/alcohol abuse	No	210	76.1	75	78.9	0.57
	Yes	66	23.9	20	21.1
HADS anxiety >7	No	78	28.3	31	32.6	0.42
	Yes	198	71.7	64	67.4
HADS depression >7	No	64	23.2	27	28.4	0.30
	Yes	212	76.8	68	71.6
ET distress >4	No	147	53.3	54	56.8	0.54
	Yes	129	46.7	41	43.2
ET need help >4	No	143	51.8	61	64.2	0.03
	Yes	133	48.2	34	35.8

Note:

^aSocioeconomic groups (1, managers and liberal professionals; 2, clerical and services workers; 3, craft and machines workers; 4, unskilled laborers).

Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ET, Emotion Thermometer; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PMI, pain management index.