Table III.
Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Clinical and Pulmonary Outcomes by PFT Classification among HIV and HEU Youth
| Characteristics and Outcomes | PFT Classification* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Restrictive1 (N=18) | Obstructive2 (N=41) | Normal3 (N=127) | P-Value13 | P-Value23 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) or N (%) | |||||
| HIV YOUTH | |||||
| Age (years) | 16.64 (14.04, 17.69) | 17.74 (15.14, 19.17) | 16.67 (14.17, 18.84) | 0.80 | 0.20 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic Whites/Others and Non-Black Hispanics | 7 (39%) | 12 (29%) | 30 (24%) | 0.25 | 0.53 |
| Blacks, regardless of ethnicity | 11 (61%) | 29 (71%) | 97 (76%) | ||
| Sex: Male | 3 (17%) | 20 (49%) | 54 (43%) | 0.041 | 0.59 |
| Ever had asthma (questionnaires & chart review) | 8 (44%) | 22 (54%) | 31 (24%) | 0.090 | <0.001 |
| Current asthma (questionnaires, medications, & chart review) | 9 (50%) | 21 (51%) | 36 (28%) | 0.099 | 0.013 |
| Is your child/teen’s asthma under control?a | |||||
| Yes | 8 (100%) | 22 (81%) | 48 (96%) | 1.00 | 0.048 |
| No | 0 (0%) | 5 (19%) | 2 (4%) | ||
| FEV1 percent predicted value | 73.30 (65.70, 80.40) | 83.40 (78.40, 96.90) | 102.00 (95.20, 112.50) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FVC percent predicted value | 75.60 (68.81, 78.13) | 98.23 (87.95, 111.77) | 102.57 (93.07, 113.17) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| PFT Reversibility with bronchodilator | 0 (0%) | 12 (31%) | 4 (3%) | 1.00 | <0.001 |
| Pulse oximetry result (SpO2%)b | 100 (99, 100) | 99 (98, 100) | 99 (98, 100) | 0.073 | 0.68 |
| CD4 T-Cell Count (cells/μl)c | 613 (462, 713) | 536 (373, 717) | 653 (464, 796) | 0.48 | 0.13 |
| CD4 T-Cell Count Categoriesc | |||||
| ≥ 750 cells/μl | 4 (22%) | 10 (24%) | 46 (37%) | 0.47 | 0.25 |
| 500 – 749 cells/μl | 9 (50%) | 14 (34%) | 41 (33%) | ||
| 200 – 499 cells/μl | 4 (22%) | 11 (27%) | 29 (23%) | ||
| < 200 cells/μl | 1 (6%) | 6 (15%) | 8 (6%) | ||
| CD8 T-Cell Count (cells/μl)c | 824 (550, 925) | 793 (549, 1,050) | 707 (499, 910) | 0.30 | 0.26 |
| CD4/CD8 Ratioc | 0.72 (0.51, 1.04) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.26) | 0.078 | 0.055 |
| Log10 HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL)d | 1.92 (1.30, 2.72) | 2.15 (1.60, 3.97) | 1.52 (1.30, 2.76) | 0.49 | 0.002 |
| Total Serum IgE (kU/L)e | 65 (27, 237) | 70 (20, 333) | 60.50 (19.00, 159.50) | 0.52 | 0.50 |
| Eosinophil count (cells/mm3)f | 138 (68, 329) | 140 (72, 246) | 108 (59, 185) | 0.28 | 0.20 |
| Level of Exposure to Tobacco Products?g | |||||
| Active Tobacco Use | 0 (0%) | 6 (15%) | 10 (8%) | 0.76 | 0.43 |
| Passive Smoking | 2 (13%) | 3 (8%) | 13 (11%) | ||
| No Smoking | 14 (88%) | 31 (78%) | 97 (81%) | ||
| Characteristics and Outcomes | PFT Classification* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Restrictive1 (N=17) | Obstructive2 (N=28) | Normal3 (N=87) | P-Value13 | P-Value23 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) or N (%) | |||||
| HEU YOUTH | |||||
| Age (years) | 14.70 (12.77, 17.32) | 13.80 (12.64, 15.85) | 14.81 (12.95, 16.58) | 0.67 | 0.24 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic Whites/Others and Non-Black Hispanics | 12 (71%) | 7 (25%) | 30 (34%) | 0.007 | 0.49 |
| Blacks, regardless of ethnicity | 5 (29%) | 21 (75%) | 57 (66%) | ||
| Sex: Male | 5 (29%) | 16 (57%) | 45 (52%) | 0.12 | 0.67 |
| Ever had asthma (questionnaires & chart review) | 1 (6%) | 5 (18%) | 23 (26%) | 0.11 | 0.45 |
| Current asthma (questionnaires, medications, & chart review) | 0 (0%) | 8 (29%) | 25 (29%) | 0.010 | 1.00 |
| Is your child/teen’s asthma under control?a | |||||
| Yes | 1 (100%) | 7 (88%) | 30 (94%) | 1.00 | 0.50 |
| No | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | 2 (6%) | ||
| FEV1 percent predicted value | 71.10 (63.50, 81.10) | 86.35 (79.00, 96.85) | 101.40 (95.00, 110.60) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FVC percent predicted value | 70.12 (61.88, 76.42) | 99.61 (85.55, 110.23) | 104.08 (91.67, 110.89) | <0.001 | 0.22 |
| PFT Reversibility with bronchodilator | 2 (13%) | 13 (50%) | 6 (7%) | 0.34 | <0.001 |
| Pulse oximetry result (SpO2%)b | 100 (99, 100) | 100 (98, 100) | 99 (98, 100) | 0.11 | 0.35 |
| CD4 T-Cell Count (cells/μl)c | 700 (565, 1,109) | 943 (807, 1,115) | 826 (656, 987) | 0.61 | 0.033 |
| CD4 T-Cell Count Categoriesc | |||||
| ≥ 750 cells/μl | 5 (45%) | 20 (77%) | 49 (61%) | 0.45 | 0.26 |
| 500 – 749 cells/μl | 5 (45%) | 6 (23%) | 25 (31%) | ||
| 200 – 499 cells/μl | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (8%) | ||
| CD8 T-Cell Count (cells/μl)c | 479 (380, 549) | 569 (458, 675) | 521 (403, 685) | 0.27 | 0.43 |
| CD4/CD8 Ratioc | 1.52 (1.24, 2.20) | 1.78 (1.42, 2.00) | 1.52 (1.25, 1.88) | 0.58 | 0.096 |
| Total Serum IgE (kU/L)e | 153 (34, 334) | 105 (39, 185) | 68 (31, 207) | 0.31 | 0.68 |
| Eosinophil count (cells/mm3)f | 340 (192, 429) | 169 (81, 304) | 133 (99., 251) | 0.002 | 0.38 |
| Level of Exposure to Tobacco Products?g | |||||
| Active Tobacco Use | 1 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 7 (9%) | 1.00 | 0.15 |
| Passive Smoking | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) | 2 (2%) | ||
| No Smoking | 11 (92%) | 23 (85%) | 72 (89%) | ||
2 HIV youth that had both restrictive and obstructive PFT classification were not included in this table.
P-value for the comparison of those with restrictive to those with normal PFT classification
P-value for the comparison of those with obstructive to those with normal PFT classification.
Participants, who answered ‘Yes’ to having been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, or having had wheezing at least once since age 3, or having received medicine by inhaler or a nebulizer for breathing trouble, wheezing, or coughing in questionnaires, were asked a series of questions to determine if their asthma was under control.
Among HIV youth, 4, 2, and 19 participants with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively, are missing pulse oximetry results. Among HEU youth, 3, 2, and 7 participants with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively, are missing pulse oximetry results.
CD4 T-cell count data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 4 HIV youth with normal PFT classification. CD4 T-cell count data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 6, 2, and 7 participants with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively.
Log10 HIV-1 RNA data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 3 HIV youth with normal PFT classification.
Total Serum IgE data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 1 and 3 HIV youth with restrictive and normal PFT classification, respectively. Total Serum IgE data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 6 and 4 HEU youth with restrictive and normal PFT classification, respectively.
Eosinophil count data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 5, 13, and 19 HIV youth with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively. Eosinophil count data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 7, 15, and 39 HEU youth with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively.
Urine cotinine data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 2, 1, and 7 HIV youth with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively. Urine cotinine data was not available within 4 months of PFT exam for 5, 1, and 6 HEU youth with restrictive, obstructive, and normal PFT classification, respectively.