Table 2.
Clinical variables according to ALI etiologya
| Admission variables | APAP ALI (N=194) |
Non-APAP ALI (N=179) |
P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.5 (27–46) | 44 (33–55) | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.14 | ||
| Male | 69 (36%) | 77 (43%) | |
| Female | 125 (64%) | 102 (57%) | |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| Caucasian | 154 (79%) | 114 (64%) | |
| African American | 31 (16%) | 38 (21%) | |
| Other | 9 (5%) | 27 (15%) | |
| Duration of symptoms (days) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 11.0 (6.0–24.0) | <0.001 |
| Duration of jaundice (days) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 8.0 (3.0–16.0) | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl)c | 3.2 (1.9–4.6) | 15.7 (8.1–23.4) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.20 |
| AST (U/l) | 4,506.0 (2,110.0–8,048.0) | 1,331.0 (561.0–2,293.0) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/l) | 4,837.0 (2,489.0–7,880.0) | 1,135.0 (653.0–2,813.0) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/ml) | 98.0 (74.0–124.0) | 143.0 (110.0–193.0) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 3.1 (2.7–3.3) | 2.6 (2.2–2.9) | <0.001 |
| INR | 2.6 (2.1–4.0) | 2.3 (2.2–2.9) | 0.03 |
| Phosphate (mmol/l) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | 3.3 (2.7–4.2) | <0.001 |
| Venous ammonia (µmol/dl) | 68.0 (42.0–96.0) | 63.0 (41.0–83.0) | 0.54 |
| Primary outcome | <0.001 | ||
| Progressed to ALF only | 7 (4%) | 16 (9%) | |
| Transplant only | 0 (0%) | 10 (6%) | |
| Death only | 3 (2%) | 7 (4%) | |
| More than one of the above | 4 (2%) | 40 (22%) | |
| Alive/no transplant/no progression to ALF | 180 (93%) | 106 (59%) |
ALI, acute liver injury; ALF, acute liver failure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; INR, International normalized ratio.
a
Etiology not recorded for 13 subjects.
b
Univariate Comparisons between APAP ALI and non-APAP ALI.
c
The definition of APAP ALI included any bilirubin level, whereas for non-APAP ALI, bilirubin>3 mg/dl was the threshold for inclusion.