Figure 3.

Model‐averaged parameter estimates from second‐stage models of activity center movement by desert tortoises in the Ivanpah Valley, California, U.S.A., 2013–2015. Each parameter estimate is associated with a covariate (shown in Table 1) and indicates the relative effect of the covariate on predicting these two types of movement. Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals, and those not including zero were considered to be predictive covariates. The set of second‐stage models from which values were averaged is provided in Table 2. The intercept (not shown; mean = −2.36, SE = 0.14) is associated with 2013 conditions, male tortoises, low rainfall (<1 mm) during the preceding period, and at locations distant from minor roads and barrier fencing. Patterns associated with first‐, second‐, and third‐order polynomials of Julian day (day, day², and day³, respectively), as well as their interactions with year and sex category, are illustrated in Figure 4.