Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with and without medication-treated diabetes
| Participants with KL <2/KL = 2 without JSN at baseline n = 1863 n of knees = 3725 |
Participants with baseline JSN 0–2 n = 3443 n of knees = 3594 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants without diabetes | Participants with diabetes | p value | Participants without diabetes | Participants with diabetes | p value | |
| n | 1749 | 114 | 3191 | 252 | ||
| n of knees | 3498 | 228 | 3335 | 259 | ||
| Age (years) | 59.42 (8.79) | 62.37 (9.06) | < 0.001 | 61.08 (9.1) | 63.62 (8.99) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.019 | 0.15 | ||||
| Female | 687 (39.28) | 58 (50.88) | 1314 (41.18) | 116 (46.03) | ||
| Male | 1062 (60.72) | 56 (49.12) | 1877 (58.82) | 136 (53.97) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.35 (4.41) | 31.08 (4.41) | < 0.001 | 28.16 (4.59) | 31.96 (4.64) | < 0.001 |
| Race | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Other non-white | 15 (0.86) | 4 (3.51) | 35 (1.1) | 8 (3.17) | ||
| White or Caucasian | 1521 (87.11) | 65 (57.02) | 2712 (85.07) | 145 (57.54) | ||
| Black or African American | 196 (11.23) | 42 (36.84) | 420 (13.17) | 94 (37.3) | ||
| Asian | 14 (0.8) | 3 (2.63) | 21 (0.66) | 5 (1.98) | ||
| History of knee surgery | 215 (12.31) | 15 (13.16) | 0.9 | 707 (22.17) | 62 (24.7) | 0.4 |
| Family history of knee OA | 301 (17.43) | 7 (6.19) | 0.003 | 532 (16.81) | 25 (10.08) | 0.0075 |
| PASE | 170.56 (81.52) | 146.49 (82.01) | 0.002 | 164.94 (81.56) | 137.23 (74.85) | < 0.001 |
| Education | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school graduate | 29 (1.66) | 11 (9.65) | 72 (2.26) | 22 (8.73) | ||
| High school graduate | 191 (10.92) | 16 (14.04) | 363 (11.38) | 53 (21.03) | ||
| Some college | 355 (20.3) | 39 (34.21) | 675 (21.15) | 86 (34.13) | ||
| College graduate | 400 (22.87) | 20 (17.54) | 710 (22.25) | 40 (15.87) | ||
| Some graduate school | 153 (8.75) | 10 (8.77) | 271 (8.49) | 17 (6.75) | ||
| Graduate degree | 621 (35.51) | 18 (15.79) | 1100 (34.47) | 34 (13.49) | ||
| Smoking history | 0.28 | 0.07 | ||||
| Never | 955 (54.6) | 56 (49.12) | 1719 (53.87) | 125 (49.6) | ||
| Current | 97 (5.54) | 10 (8.77) | 174 (5.45) | 23 (9.13) | ||
| Former | 682 (38.99) | 47 (41.23) | 1275 (39.95) | 103 (40.87) | ||
| Current, but never regular | 5 (0.29) | 1 (0.88) | 5 (0.16) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| WOMAC subscales | ||||||
| WOMAC Pain, left knee | 1.57 (2.6) | 3.06 (4.24) | < 0.001 | 2.04 (3.08) | 3.55 (4.32) | < 0.001 |
| WOMAC Pain, right knee | 1.73 (2.5) | 3.05 (3.61) | < 0.001 | 2.15 (2.89) | 3.6 (3.87) | < 0.001 |
| WOMAC Function, left knee | 5.45 (8.76) | 9.42 (12.49) | < 0.001 | 7.17 (10.27) | 11.53 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
| WOMAC Function, right knee | 5.27 (7.91) | 9.87 (11.44) | < 0.001 | 6.82 (9.3) | 12.14 (12.39) | < 0.001 |
| KL, knees (%) | 0.0174 | 0.006 | ||||
| 0 | 2176 (62.21) | 120 (52.63) | 1229 (36.85) | 79 (30.5) | ||
| 1 | 843 (24.1) | 75 (32.89) | 633 (18.98) | 49 (18.92) | ||
| 2 | 477 (13.64) | 33 (14.47) | 976 (29.27) | 72 (27.8) | ||
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 497 (14.9) | 59 (22.78) | ||
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| JSN, medial compartment, knees (%) | 0.2 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 3200 (91.48) | 201 (88.16) | 2149 (64.44) | 143 (55.21) | ||
| 1 | 296 (8.46) | 27 (11.84) | 811 (24.32) | 65 (25.1) | ||
| 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 375 (11.24) | 51(19.69) | ||
| 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| JSN, lateral compartment, knees (%) | 0.8 | 0.68 | ||||
| 0 | 3462 (98.97) | 225 (98.68) | 3068 (91.99) | 235 (90.73) | ||
| 1 | 34 (0.97) | 3 (1.32) | 142 (4.26) | 14 (5.41) | ||
| 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 125 (3.75) | 10 (3.86) | ||
| 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Data are presented as the mean (SD) or n (%). BMI, Body Mass Index; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence grade, PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence scale (grades 0–4), JSN, joint space narrowing (grades 0–3). P values were calculated using a two-sample t-test or Pearson’s chi-squared test. Possible ranges for WOMAC pain score are 0–20, possible ranges for WOMAC function score are 0–68.