Table 4.
Association between metabolic risk factors and HbA1c levels at baseline and follow up
| Variables | HbA1c (baseline) | X2, df (p value) | p value | HbA1c (follow-up) | X2, df (p value) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor (n = 167) | Good (n = 74) | aOR (95% CI) | Poor (n = 130) | Good (n = 30) | aOR (95% CI) | |||
| Gender | 0.18, 1 (0.675) | 0.96, 1 (0.328) | ||||||
| Male | 67 (40.4) | 32 (43.2) | 1.0# | 56 (43.1) | 10 (33.3) | 1.0# | ||
| Female | 99 (59.6) | 42 (56.8) | 1.13 (0.65–1.96) | 0.673 | 74 (56.9) | 20 (66.7) | 0.66 (0.29–1.52) | 0.413 |
| BMI | 1.35, 3 (0.718) | 4.38, 3 (0.224) | ||||||
| Underweight | 5 (3.0) | 4 (5.4) | 0.49 (0.12–1.94) | 0.445 | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Normal | 77 (46.7) | 30 (40.5) | 1.0# | 56 (43.4) | 12 (40.0) | 1.0# | ||
| Overweight | 53 (32.1) | 26 (35.1) | 0.79 (0.42–1.49) | 0.519 | 45 (34.90 | 7 (23.3) | 1.38 (0.50–3.78) | 0.619 |
| Obese | 30 (18.2) | 14 (18.9) | 0.83 (0.39–1.79) | 0.695 | 26 (20.2) | 11 (36.7) | 0.50 (0.19–1.29) | 0.216 |
| SBP | 2.22,1 (0.136) | 0.47, 1(0.491) | ||||||
| Normal | 86 (51.8) | 46 (62.2) | 1.0# | 74 (56.9) | 15 (50.0) | 1.0# | ||
| High SBP | 80 (48.2) | 28 (37.8) | 1.53 (0.87–2.68) | 0.161 | 56 (43.1) | 15 (50.0) | 0.76 (0.34–1.68) | 0.544 |
| DBP | 0.16, 1 (0.692) | 0.022, 1 (0.883) | ||||||
| Normal | 121 (72.9) | 55 (75.3) | 1.0# | 98 (75.4) | 23 (76.7) | 1.0# | ||
| High DBP | 45 (27.1) | 18 (24.7) | 1.14 (0.60–2.14) | 0.752 | 32 (24.6) | 7 (23.3) | 1.07 (0.42–2.73) | 1.000 |
| TC | 2.42, 1 (0.12) | 0.49, 1 (0.483) | ||||||
| Good | 101 (61.2) | 53 (71.6) | 1.0# | 84 (65.6) | 21 (72.4) | 1.0# | ||
| High | 64 (38.8) | 21 (28.4) | 1.60 (0.88–2.89) | 0.144 | 44 (34.4) | 8 (27.6) | 1.38 (0.56–3.36) | 0.522 |
| TG | 0.00, 1 (0.985) | 1.42, 1 (0.233) | ||||||
| Good | 137 (82.5) | 61 (82.4) | 1.0# | 119 (93.0) | 25 (86.2) | 1.0# | ||
| High | 29 (17.5) | 13 (17.6) | 0.99 (0.48–2.04) | 1.000 | 9 (7.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.47 (0.14–1.68) | 0.262 |
| HDL-c | 0.11, 1 (0.743) | 0.46, 1 (0.499) | ||||||
| Good | 132 (79.0) | 57 (77.0) | 1.0# | 39 (30.5) | 7 (24.1) | 1.0# | ||
| Low | 35 (21.0) | 17 (23.0) | 0.90 (0.46–1.73) | 0.737 | 89 (69.5) | 22 (75.9) | 0.73 (0.29–1.84) | 0.652 |
| Non-HDL | 0.25, 1 (0.620) | 0.002, 1 (0.962) | ||||||
| Normal | 79 (47.9) | 38 (51.4) | 1.0# | 58 (45.3) | 13 (44.8) | 1.0# | ||
| High | 86 (52.1) | 36 (48.6) | 1.15 (0.66–1.99) | 0.675 | 70 (54.7) | 16 (55.2) | 0.98 (0.44–2.21) | 1.000 |
| LDL-c | 0.05,1 (0.817) | 0.53,1 (0.465) | ||||||
| Good | 74 (44.8) | 32 (43.2) | 1.0# | 49 (38.3) | 9 (31.0) | 1.0# | ||
| High | 91 (55.2) | 42 (56.8) | 0.94 (0.54–1.630 | 0.888 | 79 (61.7) | 20 (69.0) | 0.73 (0.31–1.72) | 0.528 |
Logistic regression model, adjusted for age and medication. 1.0#: reference point for odds ratio
X 2, df Chi square value, degrees of freedom, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval