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. 2017 Sep 6;7:10636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09928-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evidence of activated stroma in NSCLC. (A) Representative immunohistochemistry sections from lung squamous cell carcinoma (left panels, n = 4) and adenocarcinoma (right panels, n = 4) patient specimens show active cancer-associated stroma throughout the tumor foci (T), featuring markedly increased αSMA positivity. Scale bar 200 µm. (B) Representative sections taken from nonadjacent normal section of the lung from matched tumor specimens. In the distal area of the uninvolved normal lung, aSMA+ areas can be seen primarily surrounding both small and large vessels (black arrows, n = 2). Scale bar 200 µm. See related supplemental Figure S1.