Table 1.
Characteristics of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. supplements and included studies.
| Author | Herbal supplement type | Dosage form | Report Latin name (Raw material authentication) | Plant part | C. asiatica Preparation (solvent for extraction) | Standardization | Dose of C. asiatica per day (mg) | Standard compound content per day (mg) | Standard PT# content per day (mg) | Pharmacy (P)/Manufacturer (M) production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bradwejn, 200032 | Single | Mixture | Yes (No) | NR | Powder | NR | 12,000 | N/A | N/A | NR |
| Dev, 200925 | Single | Capsule | Yes (No) | NR | Powder | NR | 5,000–8,000 | N/A | N/A | Yes (M) |
| Mato, 201128 | Single | Capsule | Yes (Yes) | Aerial | Extract (water) | Standardized using TPC, AS, AA | 250 500 750 | TPC = 7.48, AS = 0.27, AA = 12.22 TPC = 14.19, AS = 0.55, AA = 24.45 TPC = 22.43, AS = 0.82, AA = 36.67 | 22.49 25.00 37.49 | Yes (P) |
| Rao, 197735 | Single | Tablet | Yes (No) | NR | Powder | NR | 500 | N/A | N/A | NR |
| Wattanathorn, 200826 | Single | Capsule | Yes (Yes) | Aerial | Extract (water) | Standardized using TPC, AS, AA | 250 500 750 | TPC = 7.48, AS = 0.27, AA = 12.22 TPC = 14.19, AS = 0.55, AA = 24.45 TPC = 22.43, AS = 0.82, AA = 36.67 | 22.49 25.00 37.49 | Yes (P) |
| Carlson, 200733 | Combination (G. biloba a) | Softgel capsule | Yes (No) | NR | NR | NR | 204 | N/A | N/A | Yes (M) |
| Harris, 201127 | Combination (Vitaminsa) | Tablet | No (No) | NR | Extract (NR) | NR | NR | N/A | N/A | Yes (M) |
| Katz, 201130 | Combination (Mix herba) | Mixture | Yes (Yes) | NR | Extract (NR) | Standardized By Thin layer chromatography | NR | N/A | N/A | Yes (P) |
| Lewis, 201434 | Combination (G. biloba a) | Capsule plus tablet | Yes (No) | Leaf | NR | NR | 40 | N/A | N/A | Yes (M) |
| Sarokte, 201329 | Combination (Mix herba) | Powder | Yes (Yes) | NR | Powder | NR | 1,000 | N/A | N/A | NR |
| Udani, 201331 | Combination (Mix herba) | Capsule | Yes (No) | NR | Extract (NR) | NR | 100 | N/A | N/A | Yes (M) |
| Author | RCTs design | Participants | Inclusion age | Group | No. Participant | M:F | Mean age | Intake Duration | Interval Assessed | |
| Bradwejn, 200032 | DB, parallel | Healthy | 18–45 | C. asiatica 12 g single oral Placebo | 20 20 | 21:19 | NR | single oral | 0, 30, 60, 90 min | |
| Dev, 200925 | DB, parallel | Healthy | 35–50 | C. asiatica 3–4 g OD (50 mg/Kg) male C. asiatica 3–4 g OD (50 mg/Kg) female Placebo male Placebo female | 10 11 9 10 | 10:0 0:11 9:0 0:10 | 43.3 ± 3.6 44.2 ± 5.9 40.1 ± 4.6 44.2 ± 4.8 | 60 days | 0, 40, 60, 90 days | |
| Mato, 201128 | DB, parallel | Healthy | 55–80 | C. asiatica extract 250 mg OD C. asiatica extract 500 mg OD C. asiatica extract 750 mg OD Placebo | 20 20 20 20 | 1:19 1:19 1:19 1:19 | 64.6 ± 4.5 64.2 ± 5.1 66.8 ± 4.7 65.7 ± 4.8 | 90 days | 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 days | |
| Rao, 197735 | DB, parallel | Mentally retarded children | 7–18 | C. asiatica 500 mg OD Placebo | 15 12 | 23:7 | 13.3 | 180 days | 0, 90, 180 days | |
| Wattanathorn, 200826 | DB, parallel | Healthy | Elderly | C. asiatica extract 250 mg OD C. asiatica extract 500 mg OD C. asiatica extract 750 mg OD Placebo | 7 7 7 7 | 1:6 1:6 1:6 1:6 | 67.3 ± 1.4 62.0 ± 4.3 64.8 ± 2.7 65.9 ± 5.1 | 60 days | 0, 60 min, 30, 60 days | |
| Carlson, 200733 | DB, parallel | Healthy | 65–85 | Ginkgo biloba containing supplement (C. asiatica 68 mg/day)* Placebo | 42 36 | 21:21 21:15 | 73.1 ± 4.8 72.1 ± 6.0 | 120 days | 0, 120 days | |
| Harris, 201127 | DB, parallel | Healthy man | 50–69 | Multivitamin + mineral + herb (C. asiatica 10–200 mg/day)* Placebo | 25 25 | 25:0 25:0 | 62.1 ± 3.8 62.9 ± 7.0 | 56 day | 0, 56 days | |
| Katz, 201130 | DB, parallel | ADHD children | 6–12 | Compound herbal preparation (C. asiatica extract included)* Placebo | 73 19 | 55:18 15:4 | 9.8 ± 1.6 9.4 ± 2.0 | 120 days | 0, 120 days | |
| Lewis, 201434 | DB, parallel | Healthy | 60+ | Ginkgo Synergy® 2 cap* + Choline 4 tab (C. asiatica included) OPC Synergy®2 cap* + Catalyn® 4 tab* Placebo | 33 31 33 | 8:24 7:24 12:21 | 67.6 ± 6.3 68.5 ± 6.7 70.3 ± 8.3 | 90 day | 0, 90, 180 days | |
| Sarokte, 201329 | Open label, parallel | Healthy | 10–16 | MedhyaRasaya 4 g/day (C. asiatica 1 g/day) with milk Yogic practices Control (no intervention) | 30 30 30 | 13:17 18:12 15:15 | NR NR NR | 90 day | 0, 90 day | |
| Udani, 201331 | DB, crossover | Healthy | 35–65 | SuperUlam* (C. asiatica extract 100 mg) single oral Placebo | 20 | 10:10 | 47.7 | single oral | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours | |
NR = Not report, N/A = Not applicable, a = major component (as mentioned in article). UA = Ursolic acid, AS = Asiaticoside, AA = Asiatic acid, TPC = Total phenolic content. #PT = Pentacyclic triterpenes are consist of asiaticoside, asiatic acid and ursolic acid. DB = double blind, OD = once daily, ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactive disorder, *Commercial product, RCTs = Randomized controlled trials. NR = not report, M:F = Male:Female.