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. 2017 Sep 6;7:10744. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11008-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Drp1 recruitment and activation is enhanced with cardiolipin (CL) nanotubes. (a) Sedimentation analysis are presented for Drp1 alone, incubated with phosphatidylcholine nanotubes (GC/PC), phosphatidylserine nanotubes (GC/PS) and cardiolipin nanotubes (GC/CL) in the absence and presence of GMPPCP (−PCP and +PCP, respectively, n = 3/sample. Representative supernatant (S) and pellet (P) fractions are shown. Cryo-EM images are shown of Drp1 in the presence of GMPPCP (b), PS nanotubes (undecorated, (c), and decorated, (d)), PC nanotubes (no protein decoration observed, (e)), and CL nanotubes (undecorated, (f), and decorated, (g)). Scale bar, 50 nm. (h) 2-D class averages of Drp1 + GC/PC, Drp1 + GC/PS and Drp1 + GC/CL are presented. (i) A GTP hydrolysis assay displays the amount of phosphate released over time for Drp1 alone (black) and incubated with different nanotubes (GC/PC, gray; GC/PS, blue; GC/CL, orange, n = 3/sample). Measured GTPase activities (kcat) are shown (inset).