Table. Tularaemia surveillance specimens and samples from potential reservoirs and transmission routes, the Netherlands, 2011–2016.

Reservoirs, vectors		Collection dates	Collection locationsa	Number of specimens/ samplesb analysed	Number of specimens/samplesb where F. tularensis DNA detected	Location on map (Figure)
Small mammals	Hares	Jul 2011–Dec 2014c	NL	106	3	NA
		Jan–Jun 2015	EZ	12	11	Large stars
			FL	15	1
			NL	19	2
		Jul–Dec 2015	EZ	7	0	Small stars
			FL	6	0
			NL	34	0
	Common voles	Feb–Apr 2015	FL, north of EZ	181	0	Triangles, ma
		Apr 2015	FL, west of EZ	38	0	Triangles, mb
		Aug 2015	EZ	38	0	Triangles, mc
Arthropods	Mosquito larvae	23, 29 Apr 2015	EZ, FL	124, pooled	0	Large diamonds
		28 Apr; 3, 12 May; 30 Jun 2016	EZ, FL	266	0	Small diamonds
	Mosquito adults	9, 10 Jul; 11, 14 Aug 2015	EZ, FL	371	0
		28 Apr; 13, 15, 24, 30 Jun 2016	EZ, FL	296, pooled	0
	Tabanids	3, 7, 11, 14 Aug 2015	EZ, FL	758	0
		13, 30 Jun 2016	EZ, FL	6	0
	Ticks	9, 10 Jul 2015	EZ, FL	220	0
		28 Apr; 3 May; 13, 15 Jun 2016	EZ, FL	665, pooled	0
Environment	Water	16 Apr 2015	EZ	7	6	Circles, A–D
			FL, north of EZ	1	0	Circle, E
		29 May 2015	EZ	27	8	Circles, A–T
			FL	5	0	Circles, U–X
		29 Jul; 10 Aug; 9 Sep 2015	EZ	12	1	Circles, B,D,M,R
	Sediment	16 Apr 2015	EZ	7	4	Circles, A­D
			FL, north of EZ	1	0	Circle, E
		29 May 2015	EZ	18	2	Circles, A–T
			FL	3	0	Circles, U–X

EZ: epizootic area within Friesland province; FL: Friesland province, but outside the epizootic area; NL: other parts of the Netherlands; NA: not applicable.

^a The epizootic area (EZ) was defined as the geographical area where several dead, tularaemia-confirmed hares were found in 2015, with the outer border being a distance of 5 km from any of these finding sites.

^b Numbers for animals refer to specimens, numbers for water and sediment refer to samples.

^c Hares collected before the event.