Table 1.
Main findings of omics associated with renal fibrosis: positive and negative correlations
| Field | Positive correlation | Negative correlation | Suppl. ref. No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genomics | IL-18 (+137 GG, −607CC); TGF-β1 (–509 TT); AS (int 2 CC); UMOD (rs12917707; rs12446492); ELMO1 gene; Nox2 gene | TGF- β1 (+869 TT); UMOD (rs13333226, rs12917707); Sirt1 gene | 1 – 10 |
| Epigenomics | DNA methylation (e.g., Klotho promoter); histone modifications (e.g., profibrotic and ER stress-related genes) | apelin-13, KLF4 | 11 – 16 |
| Transcriptomics | miR-192, miR-29, miR-21, miR-150, mRNA (e.g., APE1, AT1R, CXCR4, THBS1, TRIB1) | miR-93, miR-217, miR-200a, miR-26a, mRNA (e.g., BMP7, CD2AP) | 13, 17 – 25 |
| Proteomics | TGF-β1, α-SMA, NGAL, KIM-1, CD147, CXCL1, annexin A1, HE4, NGAL, MBL, MMP-7, MMP-9, CTGF, uVDBP, periostin, CKD273 peptides | HO-1, E-cadherin | 26 – 37 |
| Metabolomics | cystatin C, lipids (e.g., ectopic, oxidized), glycolysis, acetoacetate, phosphorylcholine/choline, H-1 NMR-based metabonomics | pyruvate, glycine, L-carnitine | 12, 38 – 43 |