Table 1.
Maternal baseline characteristics by fish oil supplementation status
| Maternal fish oil supplementation before pregnancy | Maternal fish oil supplementation during pregnancy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Maternal Characteristics | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Number (%) | 534 (11.0) | 4309 (89.0) | 737 (15.2) | 4106 (84.8) |
|
| ||||
| Maternal age in years, mean (SD) b, c | 33.2 (5.5) | 30.1 (6.0) | 32.7 (5.4) | 30 (6.1) |
|
| ||||
| Maternal race/ethnicity b, c | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 441 (82.6) | 3459 (80.3) | 625 (84.8) | 3275 (79.8) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11 (2.1) | 216 (5.0) | 18 (2.4) | 209 (5.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 16 (3.0) | 110 (2.6) | 32 (4.3) | 94 (2.3) |
| Hispanic | 26 (4.9) | 265 (6.2) | 23 (3.0) | 268 (6.5) |
| Mixed race or ethnicity/ Other | 40 (7.5) | 259 (6.0) | 39 (5.3) | 260 (6.3) |
|
| ||||
| Married b, c | 505 (94.6) | 3768 (87.4) | 697 (94.6) | 3576 (87.1) |
|
| ||||
| Maternal Education b, c | ||||
| Less than high school | 12 (2.3) | 257 (6.0) | 11 (1.5) | 258 (6.4) |
| High school graduate or GED | 25 (4.7) | 595 (14.0) | 38 (5.2) | 582 (14.3) |
| Some college | 60 (11.4) | 843 (19.7) | 75 (10.3) | 828 (20.4) |
| College degree | 206 (39.1) | 1423 (33.0) | 289 (39.5) | 1340 (33.0) |
| Advanced degree | 224 (42.5) | 1153 (27.0) | 319 (43.6) | 1058 (26.0) |
|
| ||||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) b, c | 26.2 (6.2) | 27.2 (6.9) | 26.0 (6.2) | 27.3 (6.9) |
|
| ||||
| Private Insurance b, c | 470 (88.0) | 3145 (73.0) | 657 (89.1) | 2958 (72.0) |
|
| ||||
| Smoked during pregnancy b, c | 27 (5.1) | 675 (15.7) | 47 (6.4) | 655 (16.0) |
|
| ||||
| Maternal nutrition during pregnancy | ||||
| Prenatal Vitamin use a b, c | 446 (84.5) | 3128 (73.8) | 612 (84.7) | 2962 (73.3) |
| Fish Consumed a, b, c | 192 (63.6) | 1202 (57.0) | 281 (64.9) | 1113 (56.2) |
|
| ||||
| Singleton birth b c | 406 (61.4) | 3401 (65.6) | 554 (60.4) | 3253 (66.0) |
|
| ||||
| Male | 340 (51.4) | 2644 (51.0) | 469 (51.2) | 2515 (51.0) |
GED, General Equivalency Diploma
a
Data are missing for the following before multiple imputation: prenatal vitamin (n=78), fish consumption (n=2431)
b
p < 0.05 for comparison between fish oil supplementation before pregnancy and no supplementation before pregnancy.
c
p < 0.05 for comparison between fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and no supplementation during pregnancy.