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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 7.
Published in final edited form as: Artif Intell Med. 2016 Feb 27;68:47–57. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2016.02.003

Table 7.

Examples of heart-failure terms of four class types that occurred in one, two, three and seven sources.

Examples Terms from 1 source Terms from 2 sources Terms from 3 sources Terms from 7 sources
Signs or symptoms Narrow pulse pressure;
Jaw pain;
Mottled skin;
Presyncope;
Purple-blue nail bed		 Exercise intolerance;
Abdomen distended;
Abdominal pain;
Apex beat displaced;
Ventricular filling pressure increased		 Reduced exercise tolerance;
Early satiety;
Respiratory distress;
Dyspnea on exertion;
Hypoxia		 S3–third heart sound;
Orthopnea;
Fatigue;
Dyspnea;
Angina pectoris
Causes or risk factors Deep vein thrombosis;
Dysglycemia;
Collagen diseases;
Cilostazol;
Egg consumption		 Hyperlipidemia;
Chronic kidney failure;
Pulmonary arterial hypertension;
Viral myocarditis		 Fabry disease;
Angina, unstable;
Familial cardiomyopathy;
Beriberi;
Rheumatic fever		 Coronary arteriosclerosis;
Myocardial ischemia;
Myocardial infarction;
Diabetes mellitus;
Hypertension
Diagnostic tests or results Measurement of liver enzyme;
Blood cell count;
Hemoglobin Alc measurement;
Indirect bilirubin measurement;
Oral glucose tolerance test		 Blood pressure monitoring;
Myocardial biopsy;
ECG: left ventricularstrain;
Pharmacologic and exercise stress test;
Prolonged QRS duration		 Cardiovascular monitoring;
Cardiopulmonary exercise test;
ECG: atrial fibrillation;
calcium measurement;
Blood pressure monitoring		 Maximum oxygen uptake;
Radionuclide ventriculography;
Fluid overload;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Treatments Alcohol deterrents;
Sheng-Mai San;
Dietary supplementation;
Repair of pulmonary valve;
Genetic counseling;
Cell therapy		 Ablation of atrioventricular node;
Epoprostenol;
Pericardiectomy;
Weight reduction regimen;
Hydralazine hydrochloride		 Mitral valvuloplasty;
Implantation of ventricular assist device;
Fluid intake restriction;
Implantation of CRT-D;
Pneumococcal vaccination		 Angiotensin II receptor antagonist;
Inotropic agent;
Heart transplantation;
Diuretics;
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors