Table 5.
Results of bivariate analysis of D&A items with facility type and client’s age, parity and HIV status
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMC Item | Facility typea | p-value | Age | p-value | Parity | p-value | HIV statusb | p-value |
| Non Dignified Care | ||||||||
| Does not respectfully greet woman | 2.14 | 0.10 | 1.01 | 0.72 | 0.94 | 0.61 | 1.21 | 0.79 |
| Shout, insult or threaten the woman during labor or after | 0.19 | 0.006 | 0.99 | 0.55 | 0.91 | 0.36 | 1.46 | 0.53 |
| Non-consented care | ||||||||
| Does not ask woman (and support person) if she has any questions | 0.51 | 0.12 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 0.94 | 0.61 | 0.81 | 0.68 |
| Does not ask client if there are any other problems the client is concerned about | 2.40 | 0.036 | 0.98 | 0.42 | 1.11 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.04 |
| Does not explain procedures to woman (support person) before proceeding | 1.29 | 0.52 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.02 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.90 |
| Does not inform the woman what will happen before conducting the vaginal exam | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.96 | 0.19 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 0.74 | 0.64 |
| Does not inform pregnant woman of findings | 1.15 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
| Does not explain what will happen in labor to woman (support person) at least once | 1.41 | 0.52 | 0.96 | 0.22 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 1.05 | 0.93 |
| Does not explain procedures to woman (support person) before proceeding | 1.15 | 0.83 | 0.97 | 0.34 | 0.87 | 0.15 | 0.62 | 0.56 |
| Provider does not give at least one update on status and progress of labor | 0.64 | 0.006 | 1.01 | 0.18 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 1.26 | 0.43 |
| Non-confidential care | ||||||||
| Woman does not have audio and visual privacy (during initial client assessment) | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.05 |
| Provider does not drape woman (one drape under buttocks, one over abdomen) | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.66 | 0.95 | 0.60 | 1.13 | 0.84 |
| Woman does not have her own bed | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.85 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.24 | n/ac | n/a |
| Provider does not use curtains or other visual barriers to protect woman during exams, births, procedures | 2.99 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.23 |
| Abandonment or denial of care | ||||||||
| Does not encourage the woman to have a support person present during labor and delivery | 1.43 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.64 | 0.50 |
| Does not encourage woman to consume fluids/food during labor at least once | 0.24 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.40 | 1.59 | 0.40 |
| Does not encourage or assist woman to ambulate and assume different positions during labor at least once | 0.24 | 0.004 | 1.03 | 0.23 | 1.01 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.54 |
| Provider does not ask woman which position she would like to deliver in | 2.54 | 0.28 | 0.98 | 0.71 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.17 | 0.010 |
| Support person or companion for mother is not present at birth | 2.61 | 0.001 | 1.02 | 0.11 | 1.26 | <0.001 | 2.00 | 0.06 |
| If support person was not present at birth: Support person was restricted from being present | 1.62 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.94 | 0.20 | 0.56 | 0.16 |
| Woman requested some pain relief for her pain but was not given anything | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.96 | 0.16 | 0.81 | 0.06 | n/ac | n/a |
| Woman was not allowed to deliver in her preferred birthing position (if she had a preferred position) | 0.53 | 0.26 | 1.03 | 0.07 | 1.06 | 0.56 | 0.77 | 0.68 |
| Mother and newborn were not kept in same room after delivery (rooming-in) | 1.44 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 0.12 | 0.96 | 0.32 | 0.89 | 0.70 |
aFacility type coded 0 for hospital and 1 for health center
bHIV status coded 0 for HIV- and 1 for HIV+
cn/a: The number of HIV positive women in the subset of data who requested pain relief and did not have their own beds were not computed due to few observations in cells for these two RMC items