Fig. 2.

Radiographic measurements. The scoliosis Cobb angle was measured between c and d. Coronal balance was defined as the length between a and b. The angle of pelvic obliquity was measured between e and f. Apical vertebral translation was defined as the horizontal length between the center of apical vertebra and the C7 plump line. C7 plump line (a), center sacral vertical line (b), upper end plate of proximal end vertebra (c), lower end plate of distal end vertebra (d), line between both iliac crests (e), horizontal line (f)