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. 2017 Jul 27;190(1):68–78. doi: 10.1111/cei.13003

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Fingolimod (FTY720) down‐regulates inflammatory cytokines in the ligated kidney. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were treated with saline or FTY720 for 7 days. Total RNA was extracted, and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the kidney were analysed by quantitative real‐time–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). The results showed that FTY720 significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL‐6) (a) and IL‐1β (b) but not tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (c), and the mRNA expression levels of chemokines such as chemokine ligand (CCL)‐5 (d) and macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)‐1α (e), were also down‐regulated. FTY720 tended to reduce the mRNA level of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, although not significantly (f). The data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). *P < 0·05 relative to the control or FTY720‐treated group. The data represent the results from at least three independent experiments.