Table 1.
Number and percentages of positive serum samples in reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) [detection of enterovirus (EV)] and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin (IgG) [detection of coxsackievirus (CV)]
| Group | No. of children | Screening RT–PCR (EV) | Group | No. of children | ELISA IgG (CV) | Group | No. of children | ELISA IgG (CV) | Duration of T1D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO. of positive samples (%) | Mean ± s.d. (%) ** | Mean ± s.d. (%) | |||||||
| Control | 100 | 0 (0%) | Control | 100 | 0·34 ± 0·2 (2%) | Control | 100 | 0·34 ± 0·2 (2%) | |
| T1D | 382 | 100 (26·2%) | T1D‐EV– | 100 | 0·33 ± 0·1 (0%) | T1D‐EV– (ND) * | 50 | 0·32 ± 0·1 (0%) | <1 year |
| T1D‐EV– (PD) † | 50 | 0·34 ± 0·1 (0%) | >1 year | ||||||
| T1D‐EV+ | 100 | 0·96 ± 0·45 (64%) ‡ | T1D‐EV+ (ND) | 50 | 0·83 ± 0·4 (56%) § | <1 year | |||
| T1D‐EV+ (PD) | 50 | 1·12 ± 0·4 (74%) ¶ | >1 year |
*Newly diagnosed. †Previously diagnosed. ‡Significant (P < 0·001) compared to type 1 diabetes (T1D)‐EV–. §Significant (P < 0·001) compared to T1D‐enterovirus (EV)– (newly diagnosed). ¶Significant (P < 0·001) compared to T1D‐EV– (previously diagnosed). **Cut‐off value = 0·74.