Table 2.
Participant Demographics and Baseline Clinical Characteristics.
| Intervention group (N = 17) | Control group (N = 11) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56 ± 11 | 64 ± 10 | .096 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 5.9 | 31.5 ± 8.0 | .323 |
| Sex, % male | 73 | 82 | .638 |
| VPTmax, volts | 41 ± 7 | 40 ± 10 | .629 |
| ABI_max | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | .628 |
| HbA1C | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 9.6 ± 2.2 | .398 |
| CES-D | 8.3 ± 11.4 | 7.3 ± 7.5 | .832 |
| % with depression | 24 | 25 | .612 |
| Foot pain max, cm | 2.2 ± 3.0 | 3.4 ± 4.0 | .416 |
| Overall pain, cm | 3.9 ± 2.7 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | .187 |
| Barthel ADL | 98.2 ± 3.5 | 96.4 ± 9.4 | .486 |
| Mobility Tiredness Scale | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 2.9 ± 2.5 | .789 |
| FES-I | 33.0 ± 12.1 | 41.9 ± 14.7 | .124 |
ABI_max, maximum ABI measured from right and left foot; ES, effect size Cohen’s d; EO, eyes open; foot pain max, maximum foot pain reported from left and right foot; SD, standard deviation; VPTmax, maximum value of VPT measured from right and left foot.