Table 2.
Summary of Scores on the Questionnaire on Factors That Influence Family Engagement (N = 433)
| Subscalea | Mean (SD) | Range | Variance | Cronbach α |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU environment | 3.52 (0.95) | 1.58 | 0.35 | 0.73 |
| 1. My unit is physically set up in a way that makes involving family caregivers in patient care possible. | 4.24 (1.26) | |||
| 2. My unit is adequately staffed to allow me time to involve family caregivers in patient care. | 3.66 (1.29) | |||
| 3. My unit has established written policies regarding involving family caregivers in patient care. | 2.66 (1.30) | |||
| 4. My unit supports family caregiver presence during procedures (eg, resuscitation, line placement). | 3.29 (1.43) | |||
| 5. There is designated space and there are resources for families who wish to remain with their loved ones in the ICU. | 3.77 (1.58) | |||
| Patient acuity | 3.93 (1.15) | 0.66 | 0.22 | 0.77 |
| 6. Family caregivers of patients who are hemodynamically unstable should be excluded from participating in patient care. | 3.60 (1.34) | |||
| 7. Patients on life-sustaining treatments should not have family caregivers involved in patient care. | 4.26 (1.21) | |||
| Nurses’ workflow | 4.16 (0.99) | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.74 |
| 8. Allowing family caregivers to assist in patient care interrupts my work. | 3.91 (1.16) | |||
| 9. My clinical performance will be affected by the presence of family caregivers in the room while I am providing patient care. | 4.45 (1.24) | |||
| 10. I’m too busy to incorporate family caregivers in patient care. | 4.12 (1.26) | |||
| Nurses’ attitudes | 4.54 (0.77) | 0.65 | 0.09 | 0.83 |
| 11. Allowing family caregivers to assist in patient care could help me more accurately assess distressing symptoms in my patients. | 4.14 (1.11) | |||
| 12. Allowing family caregivers to assist in daily patient care could improve caregiver levels of stress, anxiety, and fear. | 4.75 (0.88) | |||
| 13. I think that family caregivers who are involved in patient care are better able to make care decisions for their loved ones. | 4.79 (0.92) | |||
| 14. I think involving family caregivers in patient care improves patient safety. | 4.29 (1.10) | |||
| 15. I think involving family caregivers in patient care increases overall quality of care. | 4.74 (0.95) |
Abbreviation: ICU, intensive care unit.
a
The theoretical range for all subscales is 1 to 6. Higher mean scores indicate a greater magnitude of the influence of the perceived facilitators to family engagement in patient care.