Table 2.
Bivariate comparison of clinical outcomes between vitamin deficiency groups*
| LOS>3 days, n (%) | ICU admission, n (%) | Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | |||
| VAD (n=41) | 18 (44%) | 11 (27%) | 4 (10%) |
| Non-VAD (n=49) | 22 (45%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (4%) |
| P-value (VAD vs. Non-VAD) | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.41 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.96 (0.42, 2.21) | 4.13 (1.20, 14.17) | 2.54 (0.44, 14.64) |
| Vitamin D | |||
| VDD (n=11) | 6 (55%) | 4 (36%) | 3 (27%) |
| Non-VDD (n=79) | 34 (43%) | 11 (14%) | 3 (4%) |
| P-value (VDD vs. Non-VDD) | 0.53 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.59 (0.45, 5.64) | 3.53 (0.89, 14.1) | 9.5 (1.64, 55.13) |
| Vitamin A and Vitamin D | |||
| VAD+VDD (n=7) | 4 (57%) | 3 (43%) | 2 (29%) |
| Neither deficiency (n=45) | 20 (44%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (2%) |
| P-value (VAD+VDD vs. Neither deficiency) | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.67 (0.33, 8.32) | 10.5 (1.57, 70.25) | 17.6 (1.34, 230.5) |
*
LOS, length of hospital stay; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, invasive mechanical ventilation; VAD, vitamin A deficiency; VDD, vitamin D deficiency; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Fisher’s exact test was applied to compare proportions.