Association between vitamin deficiency and clinical outcomes with inverse probability-weighted estimation IPWE^*

	LOS>3 days		ICU admission		MV
	OR (95 CI)	P-value	OR (95 CI)	P-value	OR (95 CI)	P-value
VAD	0.74 (0.32–1.69)	0.469	2.54 (0.59–10.88)	0.198	2.36 (0.26–21.74)	0.437
VDD	1.09 (0.48–2.51)	0.834	3.29 (1.20–9.02)	0.018	11.20 (2.27–55.25)	<.001

^*LOS, length of hospital stay; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, invasive mechanical ventilation; VAD, vitamin A deficiency; VDD, vitamin D deficiency; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.