Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Mitchelstown cohort study, 2010–2011, stratified by self-reported adverse childhood experience (ACE) (n=1926)
| Characteristics | With ACE (n=457; 23.7%) |
Without ACE (n=1469; 76.3%) |
Group difference | Missing data | ||
| Estimate* | Test statistic† | df | p Value | N (%) | ||
| Age (years) | 53.6 (16.9) | 56.6 (15.2) | 3.54 | 1924 | ≤0.001 | 0 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 234 (51.2) | 707 (48.1) | 1.32 | 1 | 0.25 | 0 |
| Female | 223 (48.8) | 762 (51.9) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single (never married) | 45 (10.0) | 116 (8.0) | 28.85 | 3 | ≤0.001 | 18 (0.9) |
| Cohabiting/married | 334 (74.2) | 1175 (80.6) | ||||
| Separated/divorced | 52 (11.6) | 73 (5.0) | ||||
| Widowed | 19 (4.2) | 94 (6.4) | ||||
| Perceived social support | ||||||
| Poor | 86 (19.8) | 148 (10.6) | 27.10 | 2 | ≤0.001 | 101 (5.2) |
| Moderate | 193 (44.5) | 632 (45.4) | ||||
| Strong | 155 (35.7) | 611 (43.9) | ||||
| Socioeconomic | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Primary | 116 (26.9) | 382 (27.7) | 10.57 | 2 | 0.01 | 117 (6.1) |
| Secondary | 192 (44.4) | 701 (50.9) | ||||
| Tertiary | 124 (28.7) | 294 (21.4) | ||||
| General Medical Services cover | ||||||
| Yes | 158 (34.6) | 432 (29.4) | 4.31 | 1 | 0.04 | 0 |
| No | 299 (65.4) | 1037 (70.6) | ||||
| Personal health behaviours | ||||||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoked | 200 (45.0) | 750 (52.9) | 8.93 | 2 | 0.01 | 64 (3.3) |
| Former smoker | 175 (39.4) | 462 (32.6) | ||||
| Current smoker | 69 (15.5) | 206 (14.5) | ||||
| Alcohol | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 56 (17.7) | 202 (21.4) | 3.07 | 2 | 0.22 | 667 (34.6) |
| Moderate drinker | 208 (65.6) | 610 (64.8) | ||||
| Heavy drinker | 53 (16.7) | 130 (13.8) | ||||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Low | 211 (49.8) | 667 (47.7) | 0.70 | 2 | 0.70 | 104 (5.4) |
| Moderate | 120 (28.3) | 423 (30.3) | ||||
| High | 93 (21.9) | 308 (22.0) | ||||
| Personal health history | ||||||
| Self-rated health status | ||||||
| Very good | 123 (27.2) | 435 (30.1) | 12.06 | 4 | 0.02 | 30 (1.5) |
| Good | 235 (52.0) | 804 (55.7) | ||||
| Fair | 81 (17.9) | 178 (12.3) | ||||
| Poor | 11 (2.4) | 20 (1.4) | ||||
| Very poor | 2 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | ||||
| Long-term illness/disability | ||||||
| Yes | 74 (19.6) | 144 (11.8) | 14.66 | 1 | ≤0.001 | 331 (17.2) |
| No | 304 (80.4) | 1073 (88.2) | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Hypertensive | 198 (43.3) | 699 (52.4) | 2.62 | 1 | 0.11 | 2 (0.1) |
| Non-hypertensive | 259 (56.7) | 768 (47.6) | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Diabetic | 39 (8.8) | 121 (8.4) | 0.05 | 1 | 0.90 | 44 (2.3) |
| Non-diabetic | 406 (91.2) | 1316 (19.6) | ||||
| Body mass index | ||||||
| Normal | 97 (21.2) | 329 (22.5) | 2.82 | 3 | 0.28 | 4 (0.2) |
| Overweight | 196 (42.9) | 669 (45.7) | ||||
| Obese | 164 (35.9) | 467 (31.9) | ||||
| Mental health | ||||||
| Depression | ||||||
| No symptoms | 309 (71.2) | 1153 (84.8) | 44.34 | 2 | ≤0.001 | 133 (6.9) |
| Mild to moderate | 64 (14.7) | 125 (9.2) | ||||
| Possibility of major depression | 61 (14.1) | 81 (6.0) | ||||