Table 1.

Baseline characteristics among patients with diabetes aged 35 years and older*

Characteristics	South Asian (n=13 755)	Chinese (n=22 871)	Other (n=172 244)
Age, mean age (years)±SD or %
All patients	56.4±12.6	59.2±12.7	61.5±12.8
35–49	33.2	24.7	18.8
50–64	39.8	43.1	42.0
65–79	23.2	25.3	29.5
≥80	3.87	6.8	9.7
Women (%)	45.0	48.4	45.1
Income quintile (%)
First quintile (low)	25.6	27.4	21.2
Second quintile	32.2	23.4	20.7
Third quintile	20.4	20.2	20.0
Fourth quintile	12.3	14.4	19.3
Fifth quintile (high)	8.8	13.4	17.5
Unknown	0.7	1.0	1.2
Comorbidities (%)
Hypertension	42.0	44.0	47.9
Myocardial infarction	2.2	1.0	2.6
Congestive heart failure	3.0	2.1	5.3
Peripheral vascular disease	0.6	1.3	2.0
Cancer	2.8	3.8	6.3
Cerebrovascular disease	1.8	2.0	3.2
Chronic pulmonary disease	11.2	6.4	11.4
Renal disease	2.2	2.3	3.1
Medications prescribed at baseline, n (%)
ACEi	15.7	11.0	22.8
ARB	7.2	10.0	8.7
CCB	8.1	9.1	8.5
Diuretic	11.3	12.4	18.3
β-blocker	9.5	8.4	13.3
Metformin	21.3	15.4	23.8
Sulfonylurea	3.8	2.6	3.5
Insulin	0.6	0.7	1.7
Statin	24.2	20.8	26.9
Medications prescribed after 1 year of diabetes diagnosis, n (%)
ACEi	26.1	17.8	33.5
ARB	12.6	16.3	13.7
CCB	12.6	13.9	12.8
Diuretic	18.7	18.6	27.0
Any ACEi, ARB, CCB, diuretic	55.2	47.7	64.9

*All p values comparing the three ethnic groups were less than 0.001.

ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB,  calcium channel blocker.