Table 3. Odds ratio (95% CI) of having DPN according to the feet ESC, VPT, and DNS values.

	Unadjusted model	Adjusted model *
Feet ESC ≥ 60 μS	1	1
Feet ESC < 60 μS	32.18 (17.93–57.76)	16.37 (7.99–33.53)
p for trend	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
DNS < 1	1	1
DNS ≥ 1	1.72 (1.13–2.63)	1.81 (1.05–3.14)
p for trend	< 0.0001	0.0004
VPT ≤ 15 V	1	1
VPT > 15 V	23.76 (14.01–40.30)	10.87 (5.69–20.76)
p for trend	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

*model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, smoking, alcohol consumption

physical activity, retinopathy, and treatment of diabetes