Table I.
Population-based data for rate of fatal anaphylaxis triggered by drugs
| Region | Data Source | Time period | Total deaths | Rate of fatal drug anaphylaxis (per million/year) | Age | Gender predominance | Leading causal drugs | Risk factors identified | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics and National Coroners Information System | 1997-2013 | 147 cases in total 84 (57%) triggered by drugs ICD code T88.6 |
1997: 0.05 2013: 0.13 |
Median 66 (IQR 52-73; range 26-94) | Male > female | Antibiotics 43% General anesthetic 35% Radiocontrast 18% |
Age Cardiovascular disease 71% Known penicillin allergy 11% (33% of beta-lactam fatalities) |
Mullins et al 201611 |
| Canada (Ontario) | Ontario Coroner's database | 1986-2011 | 92 total 16 (17%) drugs Coroner reports searched; ICD codes not used |
0.1 | Mean 65 (range 39-86) | 38% male | Antibiotics 44% Radiocontrast 25% |
Age Known allergy to the drug in 1 of 5 cases with data available (20%) |
Xu et al 201412 |
| France | French National Pharmacovigilance Database∗ | 2000-2011 | 84 (0.04% of total anaphylaxis cases) Pharmacovigilance Database | Not calculated | Mean age 59 | Male > female | Not stated | Male gender Hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities Obesity Beta-blocker use |
Reitter et al 201413 |
| United Kingdom | National fatal anaphylaxis registry | 1992-2012 | 479 total 263 drugs (55% of total) ICD code T88.6 |
1992: 0.24 2012: 0.24 |
Median 58 (range 56-61) | Not stated | Not stated | Older age | Turner et al 201514 |
| United States | National Center for Health Statistics MCDD | 1999-2010 | 2458 total 1446 (59% of total) ICD codes T78.2 or T88.6 |
1999: 0.27 2010: 0.51 |
Median 60 (IQR 47-73) | None | Antibiotics (mostly beta-lactams) Contrast agents Antineoplastic drugs |
African American ethnicity Older age |
Jerschow et al 20146 |
ICD, International Classification of Diseases; IQR, interquartile range; MCDD, National Center for Health Statistics' Multiple Cause of Death Data.
∗
Reported data were only on neuromuscular blocking agents.