Table II.
Population-based data for rate of fatal anaphylaxis triggered by food
| Region | Data Source | Time period | Total deaths | Rate of fatal food anaphylaxis (per million/year) | Age | Gender predominance | Leading causal foods | Risk factors identified | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics and National Coronial Information System (NCIS) | 1997-2013 | 324 (119 with known cause) 23 (19%) food ICD codes 995.6, T78 |
1997: 0 2014: 0.09 |
Median 28 (range 4-66) | No | Seafood 50% Nuts 32% |
Known food allergy 91% Asthma 68% Alcohol or recreational drugs 27% Upright posture 68% Delayed use of epinephrine |
Mullins et al 201611 |
| Canada (Ontario) | Ontario Coroner's database | 1986-2011 | 92 total 40 (43%) food Coroner reports searched; ICD codes not used |
1986: 0.32 2011: 0.08 |
Mean 32 (range 9-78) | No | Peanut | Delayed use of epinephrine Known allergy to the culprit food in all 34 cases where this information was available (100%) |
Xu et al 201412 |
| United Kingdom | National fatal anaphylaxis registry | 1992-2008 | 479 total 124 (26%) food ICD codes T78, and registry |
1992: 0.10 2012: 0.12 |
Mean 25 Median 20 (range 4-85) |
Male (under 15 y) Female (over 15 y) |
Peanut or Tree nut 73% |
Known food allergy 69% Asthma 78% Change in posture |
Turner et al 201514 |
| United States | 3 national databases (NIS, NEDS, MCDD) | 1999-2009 | 2229 total approximately 122 (5%) food ICD codes 995.6, T78 |
1999: 0.03 2009: 0.04 |
Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Ma et al 20142 |
| United States | National Center for Health Statistics MCDD | 1999-2010 | 2458 total 164 (7%) food ICD codes T78 |
0.05 | Median 40 (IQR 20-60) | Male > female | Not stated | African American ethnicity | Jerschow et al 20146 |
ICD, International Classification of Diseases; IQR, interquartile range; MCDD, National Center for Health Statistics' Multiple Cause of Death Data; NCIS, Australian National Coronial Information System; NEDS, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; NIS, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.