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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Methods Med Res. 2016 Jun 29;27(1):286–297. doi: 10.1177/0962280215627335

Table 4.

Experimental treatment assignment-related bias and 95% CI coverage associated with TMLE and cTMLE estimators.

Characteristic TMLE
cTMLE
Positivity bias Coverage Positivity bias Coverage
History of musculoskeletal disease 0.020 0.262 0.005 0.782
History of pulmonary disease 0.369 0.055 0.001 0.766
Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) 0.026 0.609 0.005 0.833
Gender 0.096 0.135 0.008 0.838