Table 3. Pooled hazard ratios of overall survival in diabetic pancreatic cancer with and without metformin.
| Type of estimate | Number of studies | Metformin | Nonmetformin | Effects model | Pooled HR (95% CI) | I2, % | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | 8 | 1046 | 1759 | Random | 0.78(0.66-0.92) | 58.9 | 0.017 |
| Estimates adjusted for stage | 5 | 724 | 1338 | Fixed | 0.78(0.70-0.86) | 45.4 | 0.120 |
| Estimates adjusted for performance status | 3 | 345 | 622 | Fixed | 0.69(0.59-0.80) | 4.1 | 0.352 |
| Estimates adjusted for age | 4 | 737 | 1302 | Fixed | 0.90(0.81-1.01) | 47.2 | 0.128 |
| Estimates adjusted for BMI | 3 | 724 | 1200 | Fixed | 0.91(0.81-1.01) | 60.6 | 0.079 |
| Estimates adjusted for CA 19-9 | 3 | 345 | 622 | Fixed | 0.69(0.59-0.80) | 4.1 | 0.352 |
| All estimates for resectable cancer | 3 | 129 | 314 | Fixed | 0.75(0.56-1.00) | 0.0 | 0.773 |
| All estimates for advanced cancer | 3 | 435 | 618 | Random | 0.84(0.62-1.15) | 74.8 | 0.019 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; BMI: body mass index.