CTCs |
CK-19, EpCAM |
Prognostic |
CK19-Epispot and CellSearch™ |
[58] |
|
EpCAM |
Predictive and prognostic |
CellSearch™ |
[22, 23][59] |
|
CEA, CK19, and CK20 |
Prognostic |
RT-PCR |
[33] |
|
CEA/CK/CD133 |
Prognostic |
RT-PCR |
[34] |
|
EpCAM, CKs; VIM, TWIST1, AKT2, SNAI1 |
Prognostic |
CanPatrolTM
|
[60] |
|
CD133, EpCAM, CD26, CD44v6 |
Prognostic(functional research) |
Drug sensitivity analysis of CTC lines |
[62] |
|
KRAS, BRAF, and PI3KCA
|
Prognostic |
Label-free Vortex technology |
[28] |
|
EpCAM |
Screening high-risk stage II CRC patients |
CellSearch™ |
[66] |
ctDNA |
Methylated SEPT9
|
Screening and early detection |
Duplicate real-time PCRs |
[45] |
|
APC, KRAS, TP53, and PI3KCA
|
Prognostic and therapy monitoring |
BEAMing, real-time PCR |
[39] |
|
A modest panel of 15 genes |
Predictive |
Safe-SeqS |
[67] |
|
APC, KRAS, TP53
|
Predictive |
Safe-SeqS |
[68] |
|
Methylated WIF1 and NPY
|
Prognostic |
dPCR |
[69] |
|
Methylated ALU83, ALU244, OSMR, and SFRP1
|
Diagnostic and prognostic |
ALU-based real-time PCR, methylation-specific real-time PCR |
[70] |
|
KRAS |
Therapy selection and monitoring |
BEAMing, real-time PCR, and NGSeq, |
[71] |
|
KRAS |
Therapy selection and monitoring |
BEAMing and real-time PCR |
[7] |
|
KRAS, BRAF |
Therapy selection and monitoring |
Real-time PCR |
[72] |
|
KRAS, NRAS, MET, ERBB2, FLT3, EGFR, and MAP2K1
|
Therapy selection and monitoring |
dPCR and NGS |
[74] |
|
KRAS, BRAF
|
Therapy selection and monitoring |
ARMS-qPCR |
[75] |
Exosomes |
miRNAs |
Diagnostic |
miRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR |
[79] |
|
miRNAs |
Prognostic |
Microarray and CGH analysis and qRT-PCR |
[80] |
|
Proteins |
Diagnostic |
Mass spectrometry and western blotting |
[81] |
|
Proteins |
Prognostic (function research) |
Proteomics measurements and western blotting |
[82] |
|
Microvesicles (Fas ligand and TNF) |
Prognostic and therapeutic(function research) |
Flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunoelectron microscopy |
[89] |