Skip to main content
. 2017 May 29;8(33):55684–55714. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264

Figure 1. The MAP kinase pathways.

Figure 1

Extracellular signals generated by growth factors, cytokines and stresses are transduced within the cells by several pathways including the classical MAP kinase pathways, ERK1/2, ERK5 and JNK and p38 family members. The MAP kinases are constituted of a MAP kinase module (MAPKKK, MAPKK, MAPK) downstream of activators (GTPases, and Src in the case of ERK5) connected to tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokines receptors and stress sensors. The signals transited sequentially through these steps converging on the activation of different cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors that trigger appropriate cellular responses.