. 2017 Sep 7;7:10854. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11217-w

Table 1.

Summary of capacitance changes for various sensing modes.

Sensing mode	Direction	Lower capacitor (C₁)	Upper capacitor (C₂)	∆C₁ vs. ∆C₂
Curvature	convex	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ < ∆C₂
Curvature	concave	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ > ∆C₂
Pressure	upper side	∆C₁ = 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ < ∆C₂
Pressure	lower side	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ = 0	∆C₁ > ∆C₂
Touch	upper side	∆C₁ < 0	∆C₂ < 0	\|∆C₁\| < \|∆C₂\|
Touch	lower side	∆C₁ < 0	∆C₂ < 0	\|∆C₁\| > \|∆C₂\|
Strain	uniaxial	∆C₁ > 0	∆C₂ > 0	∆C₁ = ∆C₂

The relative relations of upper (ΔC ₂) and lower (ΔC ₁) capacitance changes of the two capacitors in dual-capacitor sensor are uniquely distinguishable for curvature, pressure, strain, and touch sensing.