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. 2017 Sep 7;7:10850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10534-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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X-Ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of GQDs and GQD solid sheet structures at C, N and O K-edges. (a) C K-edge spectra of GQDs and solid sheet samples (Z0-Z9), (b) enlarged C-K edge spectra showing the rise of excitonic peak at 286.3 eV with metal doping effect, (c) N K-edge showing the presence of graphitic nitrogen with a sharp peak at 401.1 eV, (d) O K-edge spectra showing the presence of C-O and C=O in our samples.