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. 2017 Sep 7;7:10937. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11024-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PM₁₀ induces autophagosome accumulation in a time-dependent manner in human lung cells. (A) Quantification of autophagosome accumulation at 1, 6, 24 and 72 h after treatment with 400 μg.mL⁻¹ of PM₁₀. Chloroquine (CQ) 10µM was used as a positive control for autophagosome accumulation. (B) Comparison of number of autophagosome after 24 h exposure to PM₁₀ or CQ_. (C) Representative images of the formation of autophagosome in human lung cells with negative control (NC), 400 μg.mL⁻¹ of PM₁₀ or CQ (10µM). (D) Expression levels of LC3I and LC3-II as measured by Western blotting. The blots were cropped. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 statistically significant compared to NC according to Bonferroni test.