Table 4.
Overview of diagnostic yield of rapid microbiological assays for tuberculosis stratified by mycobacterial blood culture result and vital status at 90 days (among n = 132 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis with mycobacterial blood culture results).
| Assay | Diagnostic yield for newly diagnosed TB | Diagnostic yield for TB-related deaths | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood culture positive (n = 41) | Blood culture negative (n = 91) | Blood culture positive (n = 41) | Blood culture negative (n = 91) | |||||
| Number with new TB | Diagnostic yield for new TB % (95%CI) | Number with new TB | Diagnostic yield for new TB % (95%CI) | Number of patient dying within 90 days | Diagnostic yield in those dying within 90 days % (95% CI) | Number of patients dying within 90 days | Diagnostic yield in those dying within 90 days % (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 41 | 100 | 91 | 100 | 9 | 100 | 9 | 100 |
| Sputum | ||||||||
| AFB smear | 8 | 19.5 (8.8–34.9) | 17 | 18.7 (11.3–28.2) | 3 | 33.3 (7.5–70.1) | 1 | 11.1 (0.2–48.2) |
| Xpert × 1 | 8 | 19.5 (8.8–34.9) | 25 | 27.5 (18.6–37.8) | 3 | 33.3 (7.5–70.1) | 2 | 22.2 (2.8–60.0) |
| Xpert × 2 | 8 | 19.5 (8.8–34.9) | 27 | 29.7 (20.5–40.2) | 3 | 33.3 (7.5–70.1) | 2 | 22.2 (2.8–60.0) |
| Either AFB smear or Xpert × 2 | 8 | 19.5 (8.8–34.9) | 25 | 27.5 (18.6–37.8) | 3 | 33.3 (7.5–70.1) | 2 | 22.2 (2.8–60.0) |
| Urine | ||||||||
| LAM Grade 2 | 27 | 65.9 (49.4–79.9) | 27 | 29.7 (20.5–40.2) | 9 | 100 (66.4–100) | 4 | 44.4 (13.7–78.8) |
| LAM Grade 1 | 32 | 78.0 (62.4–89.4) | 30 | 33.0 (23.5–43.6) | 9 | 100 (66.4–100) | 6 | 66.7 (29.9–92.5) |
| Xpert non-concentrated | 22 | 53.7 (37.4–69.3) | 34 | 37.4 (27.4–48.1) | 4 | 44.4 (13.7–78.8) | 4 | 44.4 (13.7–78.8) |
| Xpert concentrated | 32 | 78.0 (62.4–89.4) | 45 | 49.5 (38.8–60.1) | 7 | 77.8 (40.0–97.2) | 8 | 88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
| Any urine Xpert | 32 | 78.0 (62.4–89.4) | 52 | 57.1 (46.3–67.5) | 7 | 77.8 (40.0–97.2) | 8 | 88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
| LAM Grade 2 and non-concentrated Xpert | 32 | 78.0 (62.4–89.4) | 43 | 47.3 (36.7–58.0) | 9 | 100 (66.4–100) | 6 | 66.7 (29.9–92.5) |
| LAM Grade 2 and concentrated Xpert | 36 | 87.8 (73.8–95.9) | 41 | 45.1 (34.6–55.8) | 9 | 100 (66.4–100) | 8 | 88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
| LAM grade 2 and any urine Xpert | 36 | 87.8 (73.8–95.9) | 55 | 60.4 (49.6–70.5) | 9 | 100 (66.4–100) | 8 | 88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
Abbreviations: AFB = acid fast bacilli, LAM = Lipoarabinomannan.
Diagnostic yield is defined as the number of positive test results for given assay (numerator; by row) within the total set of patients (denominator; by column).