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. 2017 Aug 30;2(8):362–371. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

This picture depicts exploring the elbow with the ‘moving valgus test’ developed by O’Driscoll et al.28 The patient is seated with the shoulder locked in maximum external rotation. The examiner places the elbow through a range of movement while applying a valgus torque on the elbow throughout the exploration. Patients with medial elbow instability typically have maximum pain on the medial side of the elbow between 75° to 95º of elbow flexion. Pain in terminal extension and pronation may be used to detect valgus overload syndrome.