Table 6.
Univariable meta-regression model for the proportion of JEV infection in vectors. Coefficients, P-values, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between predictors of interest with the proportion of JEV infection in vectors (n = 18 studies). Random effects meta-regression models use the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML)
| Predictor | n | Coefficient (logit) | SE (logit) | 95% CI (logit) | P-value | Overall P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mosquito species | 0.08 | |||||
| Culex tritaeniorhynchus | 10 | Reference | ||||
| Aedes albopictus | 1 | 1.27 | 1.25 | -1.27–3.81 | 0.32 | |
| Aedes butleri | 1 | -1.07 | 1.32 | -3.75–1.61 | 0.42 | |
| Aedes vexans | 1 | -0.69 | 1.62 | -4.00–2.61 | 0.67 | |
| Anopheles minimus | 1 | -0.69 | 1.62 | -4.00–2.61 | 0.67 | |
| Anopheles subpictus | 1 | -0.25 | 0.48 | -1.23–0.74 | 0.61 | |
| Anopheles tessellatus | 1 | -0.69 | 1.62 | -4.00–2.61 | 0.67 | |
| Armigeres subalbatus | 1 | -0.75 | 1.36 | -3.51–2.01 | 0.58 | |
| Coquillettidia crassipes | 1 | 1.79 | 1.72 | -1.72–5.29 | 0.31 | |
| Culex annulirostris | 1 | 2.15 | 1.20 | -0.30–4.59 | 0.08 | |
| Culex annulus | 2 | 2.29 | 0.95 | 0.37–4.22 | 0.02 | |
| Culex bitaeniorhynchus | 1 | 1.95 | 1.39 | -0.88–4.78 | 0.17 | |
| Culex fuscocephala | 2 | 2.51 | 0.96 | 0.56–4.45 | 0.01 | |
| Culex gelidus | 2 | 1.11 | 1.01 | -0.96–3.17 | 0.28 | |
| Culex palpalis | 1 | 2.09 | 0.97 | 0.11–4.06 | 0.04 | |
| Culex pipiens | 1 | -0.29 | 1.65 | -3.65–3.07 | 0.86 | |
| Culex pipiens fatigans | 1 | 5.27 | 1.58 | 2.06–8.48 | < 0.001 | |
| Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus | 1 | -0.94 | 1.35 | -3.69–1.81 | 0.49 | |
| Culex quinquefasciatus | 2 | 0.96 | 1.16 | -1.41–3.32 | 0.42 | |
| Culex sitiens | 1 | 0.59 | 1.41 | -2.28–3.46 | 0.68 | |
| Culex whitmorei | 3 | -0.51 | 1.18 | -2.92–1.90 | 0.67 | |
| Mansonia septempunctata | 1 | 0.18 | 1.34 | -2.55–2.91 | 0.90 | |
| Ochleratus normanensis | 1 | 0.16 | 0.90 | -1.68–2.00 | 0.86 | |
| Verralina funerea | 1 | 1.10 | 1.57 | -2.10–4.30 | 0.49 | |
| Intercept | -1.10 | 0.32 | -1.76– -0.44 | < 0.001 | ||
| Diagnostic method | 0.01 | |||||
| Virus isolation | 9 | Reference | ||||
| Not reported | 2 | 0.41 | 0.50 | -0.60–1.43 | 0.42 | |
| PCR | 4 | -1.24 | 0.55 | -2.34– -0.15 | 0.03 | |
| Antigen-capture enzyme assays | 3 | -0.98 | 0.48 | -1.95– -0.01 | 0.05 | |
| Intercept | -0.31 | 0.32 | -0.96–0.33 | 0.34 | ||
| Country | 0.01 | |||||
| Australasia | 3 | Reference | ||||
| China and Taiwan | 3 | 0.07 | 0.55 | -1.03–1.16 | 0.90 | |
| India | 5 | -1.34 | 0.50 | -2.35– -0.33 | 0.01 | |
| Japan and South Korea | 5 | -1.20 | 0.53 | -2.27– -0.13 | 0.03 | |
| Thailand | 2 | -2.20 | 1.09 | -4.40– -0.01 | 0.05 | |
| Intercept | 0.02 | 0.37 | -0.73–0.77 | 0.96 | ||
| Capture method | < 0.01 | |||||
| Mechanical visual and olfactory | 4 | Reference | ||||
| Not reported | 2 | -0.81 | 0.99 | -2.80–1.18 | 0.42 | |
| Manual active | 1 | 4.46 | 0.60 | 3.25–5.67 | < 0.001 | |
| Manual and mechanical | 3 | -0.76 | 0.32 | -1.41– -0.11 | 0.02 | |
| Manual passive | 4 | -1.12 | 0.33 | -1.79– -0.46 | < 0.001 | |
| Mechanical olfactory | 3 | -1.01 | 0.54 | -2.10–0.08 | 0.07 | |
| Mechanical visual | 1 | -1.32 | 1.08 | -3.50–0.86 | 0.23 | |
| Intercept | -0.29 | 0.23 | -0.76–0.18 | 0.22 |
Abbreviation: SE standard error