Table 4.

Material properties of the NiTi wires purchased from Fort Wayne Metals Ltd. (Fort Wayne, IN, USA).

Variables, Unit	Values
$E_A$ (MPa)	40,000
$E_M$ (MPa)	30,000
$M_f$ (°C)	−88
$M_s$ (°C)	−65
$A_s$ (°C)	−23
$A_f$ (°C)	−8
$C_M$ (MPa/°C)	5.7
$C_A$ (MPa/°C)	8.6
${\mathsf{\epsilon }}_L$	0.039