Table 2.
Exposures associated with illness among cases and nearby village controls using logistic regression, northern Bangladesh, 2012
| Exposures | Case* | Control* | aOR† | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | (95% CI) | ||
| Exposures in the 24 hours preceding illness onset of case-patients | ||||
| Food | ||||
| Tube well water | 13/14 (93) | 55/55 (100) | 1 | Undefined |
| Lychee | 8/14 (57) | 22/31 (71) | 0.6 (0.1–2.1) | 0.39 |
| Mango | 6/14 (43) | 22/26 (85) | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) | 0.00 |
| Papaya | 0/14 (0) | 1/35 (3) | 1 | Undefined |
| Potato | 11/14 (79) | 39/42 (93) | 0.3 (0.0–1.6) | 0.15 |
| Ladies finger | 1/14 (3) | 4/28 (14) | 0.4 (0.0–4.4) | 0.49 |
| Egg plant | 4/14 (29) | 2/20 (10) | 3.8 (0.5–28) | 0.18 |
| Tomato | 1/14 (7) | 1/28 (4) | 1.6 (0.1–31) | 0.75 |
| Banana | 1/14 (7) | 3/26 (12) | 0.6 (0.1–6.4) | 0.67 |
| Bitter gourd | 0/14 (0) | 1/32 (3) | 1 | Undefined |
| Corn | 0/13 (0) | 1/35 (3) | 1 | Undefined |
| Lentils | 1/14 (7) | 7/22 (32) | 0.1 (0.0–1.5) | 0.11 |
| Environment | ||||
| Visiting lychee orchard | 10/11 (91) | 20/37 (54) | 11.6 (1.02–109.8) | 0.03 |
| Visiting a mango orchard | 9/13 (69) | 24/40 (60) | 1.5 (0.4–5.7) | 0.55 |
| Visiting a vegetable garden | 3/14 (21) | 8/54 (15) | 1.5 (0.3–6.8) | 0.58 |
| Visiting an orchard that leased for commercial production | 9/14 (64) | 23/55 (42) | 2.6 (0.8–8.9) | 0.13 |
| Exposures in the 3 days preceding illness onset of case-patients | ||||
| Visiting a lychee orchard | 11/13 (85) | 23/50 (46) | 7.2 (1.4–37.6) | 0.02 |
| Visiting a mango orchard | 8/13 (62) | 26/48 (54) | 1.4 (0.4–4.7) | 0.63 |
| Visiting a vegetable garden | 3/14 (21) | 10/50 (20) | 1.2 (0.2–4.5) | 0.93 |
| Visiting any garden that used pesticides | 4/14 (29) | 6/51 (12) | 3.2 (0.7–14.4) | 0.11 |
| Plucked lychees from the orchard | 2/13 (15) | 12/53 (23) | 0.6 (0.01–3.01) | 0.56 |
| Plucked mangoes from the orchard | 1/14 (7) | 4/54 (7) | 0.98 (0.1–10.4) | 0.98 |
| Visiting any garden while pesticides were being applied | 5/13 (38) | 6/43 (14) | 4.9 (1.0–19.4) | 0.05 |
| Other exposures | ||||
| Having lychee orchard adjacent to the house | 13/14 (93) | 38/56 (68) | 6.6 (0.8–6) | 0.08 |
| Having mango orchard adjacent to the house | 11/14 (79) | 39/56 (70) | 1.6 (0.4–6.7) | 0.49 |
| Having vegetable garden adjacent to the house | 7/13 (54) | 31/54 (57) | 0.8 (0.2–2.8) | 0.76 |
| Family members work in lychee orchard | 6/14 (43) | 5/53 (9) | 7.2 (1.7–29.4) | 0.01 |
| Family members work in mango orchard | 1/14 (7) | 0/54 (0) | 1 | Undefined |
| Family members work in vegetable garden | 0/14 (0) | 2/55 (4) | 1 | Undefined |
| Family members with occupation in agriculture | 11/13 (85) | 35/51 (69) | 2.5 (0.5–12.7) | 0.26 |
| History of animal or insect bite | 1/14 (7) | 1/54 (2) | 4.3 (0.2–76.1) | 0.24 |
aOR = age-adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*
Family members were not aware of some exposures of the cases and controls. Denominator has been changed due to recoding “do not know” into “missing value.”
†
Age adjusted odds ratio.