Table 3.
Exposures associated with illness among cases and neighborhood controls using logistic regression, northern Bangladesh, 2012
| Exposures | Case* | Control* | aOR† | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | (95% CI) | ||
| Exposures in the 24 hours preceding illness onset of case-patients | ||||
| Food | ||||
| Tube well water | 13/14 (93) | 54/56 (96) | 0.5 (0.04–5.8) | 0.57 |
| Lychee | 8/14 (57) | 27/44 (61) | 0.9 (0.2–2.9) | 0.82 |
| Mango | 6/14 (43) | 24/41 (59) | 0.5 (0.1–1.8) | 0.31 |
| Papaya | 0/14 (0) | 0/40 (0) | 1 | Undefined |
| Potato | 11/14 (79) | 43/45 (96) | 0.2 (0.0–1.1) | 0.06 |
| Ladies finger | 1/14 (7) | 6/38 (16) | 0.4 (0.04–3.8) | 0.44 |
| Egg plant | 4/14 (29) | 5/39 (13) | 2.7 (0.6–12.1) | 0.18 |
| Tomato | 1/14 (7) | 6/41 (15) | 0.4 (0.04–4.2) | 0.48 |
| Banana | 1/14 (7) | 4/40 (10) | 0.7 (0.07–7.08) | 0.77 |
| Bitter gourd | 0/14 (0) | 2/43 (5) | 1 | Undefined |
| Corn | 0/13 (0) | 5/42 (12) | 1 | Undefined |
| Lentils | 1/14 (7) | 5/38 (13) | 0.5 (0.1–4.7) | 0.55 |
| Environment | ||||
| Visiting lychee orchard | 10/11 (91) | 31/37 (84) | 2.3 (0.2–25.0) | 0.47 |
| Visiting a mango orchard | 9/13 (69) | 27/44 (61) | 1.5 (0.4–5.7) | 0.56 |
| Visiting a vegetable garden | 3/14 (21) | 11/54 (20) | 1.6 (0.2–4.5) | 0.92 |
| Visiting an orchard that leased for commercial production | 9/14 (64) | 33/54 (61) | 1.2 (0.32–4.1) | 0.81 |
| Exposures in the 3 days preceding illness onset of case-patients | ||||
| Visiting a lychee orchard | 11/13 (85) | 33/56 (59) | 4.1 (0.8–21.8) | 0.09 |
| Visiting a mango orchard | 8/13 (62) | 30/54 (56) | 1.3 (0.4–4.7) | 0.66 |
| Visiting a vegetable garden | 3/14 (21) | 15/47 (32) | 0.6 (0.1–2.3) | 0.44 |
| Visiting any garden that used pesticides | 4/14 (29) | 3/56 (5) | 8.4 (1.4–49.9) | 0.02 |
| Plucked lychees from the orchard | 2/13 (15) | 17/55 (31) | 0.3 (0.1–2.0) | 0.21 |
| Plucked mangoes from the orchard | 1/14 (7) | 4/56 (7) | 1.0 (0.1–9.8) | 0.99 |
| Visiting any garden while pesticides were being applied | 5/13 (39) | 10/50 (20) | 2.5 (0.6–9.5) | 0.17 |
| Other exposures | ||||
| Having lychee orchard adjacent to the house | 13/14 (93) | 51/56 (91) | 1.3 (0.1–11.9) | 0.83 |
| Having mango orchard adjacent to the house | 11/14 (79) | 41/56 (73) | 1.4 (0.3–6.1) | 0.65 |
| Having vegetable garden adjacent to the house | 7/13 (54) | 31/55 (56) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 0.76 |
| Family members work in lychee orchard | 6/14 (43) | 16/54 (30) | 1.8 (0.5–5.9) | 0.35 |
| Family members work in mango orchard | 1/14 (7) | 3/56 (5) | 1.4 (0.1–14.3) | 0.79 |
| Family members work in vegetable garden | 0/14 (0) | 5/54 (9) | 1 | Undefined |
| Family members with occupation in agriculture | 11/13 (85) | 39/53 (74) | 2.01 (0.4–10.4) | 0.40 |
| History of animal or insect bite | 1/14 (7) | 1/54 (2) | 4.2 (0.2–74.1) | 0.32 |
aOR = age-adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*
Family members were not aware of some exposures of the cases and controls. Denominator has been changed due to recoding “do not know” into “missing value.”
†
Age adjusted odds ratio.