Table 1.
Characteristics of All Eligible Studies
| Study | Sample demogra phicsa |
Sex es enr olle d |
Sam ple class ificat ion |
Ma jor dis eas e exc lud ed |
Main endpo int |
Perc eived stres s meas ure |
Dat a sou rce |
T L as sa y ty p e |
TL cell type |
TL assay CV |
Age - adj uste d corr elati on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bersani, et al. (in prep) | Male combat veterans, some with PTSD (n=76) | Males | Stressed | No | Association of psychiatric measures with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 4.00% | −0.3 |
| Buss J, et al. (2014) | Females, overweight or obese (n=42) | Females | Physical condition | No | Associations of eating behaviors and metabolic profile with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 4.00% | 0.01 |
| Carlson, LE, et al. (2014) | Female breast cancer survivors, distressed (n=87) | Females | Physical condition | No | Effect of psychosocial interventions (randomized) on TL | Symptoms of Stress Scale (C- SOSI , 56- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | Not calculated | −0.1 |
| Chen, X, et al. (2015) | Adults, caregivers of disabled children (n=89) | Both | Stressed | No | Association of smoking and PS with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (14- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Salivary | 11.00% | − 0.07 |
| Entringer, S, et al. (2011) | Adults, some whose mothers were psychologically stressed during pregnancy (n=98) | Both | Stressed | Yes | Association of maternal stress status with offspring’s TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 4.00% | − 0.15 |
| Epel, ES, et al. (2004) | Females, premenopausal mothers with chronically ill child and premenopausal normal mothers (n=57) | Females | Stressed | Yes | Association of PS and caregiving status with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | Not calculated | − 0.31 |
| Epel, ES, et al. (2012) | Females, healthy with high education levels and low stress (n=258) | Females | General | No | Association of mind- wandering with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 4.00% | − 0.09 |
| Georgin-Lavialle, S, et al. (2013) | Adults, mastocytosis patients, 79% with some grade of depression (n=19) | Both | Physical condition | No | Association of negative emotionality with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (14- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | Not calculated | − 0.73 |
| Geronimus, A, et al. (2010) | Females, middle- aged, premenopausal, half Black (n=215) | Females | General | No | Differences in TL between black and white subjects | Perceived Stress Scale (4- item) | Published article | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 4.50% | N/A |
| Hassett, AL, et al. (2012) | Females, fibromyalgia (n=61) | Females | Physical condition | Yes | Association of pain with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (4- items ) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 3.00% | − 0.21 |
| Hoen, PW, et al. (2010) | Adults, stable coronary heart disease, many with major depression (n=949) | Both | Physical condition | No | Association of depression with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (4- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 3.70% | − 0.06 |
| Humphreys, J, et al. (2012) | Females, formerly abused and non- abused (n=102) | Females | Stressed | Yes | Association of abuse status with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 3.50% | − 0.025 |
| Ludlow, AT, et al. (2008) | Adults, middle- to older- aged (n=60) | Both | General | No | Association of physic al activity with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 5% | − 0.03 |
| NIEHS Sister Study 1 (b) | Females, middle- aged, sisters have breast cancer (n=1,085) | Females | General | No | Causes and sequelae of breast cancer | Perceived Stress Scale (4- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 11.00% | 0 |
| NIEHS Sister Study 2 (b) | Females, middle- aged, sisters have breast cancer (n=632) | Females | General | No | Causes and sequelae of breast cancer | Perceived Stress Scale (4- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 8.50% | − 0.04 |
| Prather, A, et al. (2015) | Adults, obese (n=87) | Both | Physical condition | Yes | Association of sleep quality with multiple TL measures | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 4.00% | 0.03 |
| Puterman, E, et al. (2010) | Females, post- menopausal, some dementia caregiver s (n=58) | Females | Stressed | Yes | Interaction of exercise with PS-TL relationship | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 4.00% | − 0.26 |
| Sibille, KT, et al. (2012) | Adults, chronic pain from knee osteoarthritis and controls (n=36) | Both | Physical condition | No | Association of chronic pain and PS with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 7.50% | − 0.13 |
| Surtee s, PG, et al. (2011) | Females, middle- aged, White, probability sample of Norfolk residents (n=4,353) | Females | General | No | Association of PS and emotional health with TL | Single 5- point item: perceived stress over past 10 years | Data from author | PCR | Blood (lymphocyte) | Not calculated | − 0.02 |
| Tyrka, AR, et al. (2009) | Adults, some with severe childhood abuse and non- abused controls (n=31) | Both | Stressed | Yes | Association of childhood abuse with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (14- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 4.30% | 0.17 |
| Tyrka, AR, et al. (2015) | Adults, history of psychopathology and/or childhood adversity and controls (n=289) | Both | Stressed | Yes | Association of psychopathology and childhood adversity with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (14- item) | Summary statistics from author | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 4.54% | −0.1 |
| Uchino, BN, et al. (2012) | Adults, middle- to older- age (n=136) | Both | General | No | Association of social relationship type with TL | Perceived Stress Scale (10- item) | Data from author | PCR | Blood (PBMC) | 3.10% | 0.02 |
| Wikgren, M, et al. (2012) | Adults, national probability sample of Swedish general population (n=129) | Both | General | No | Association of depression status and hypocortisolemic state with TL | Perceived Stress Questionnaire (30- item) | Published article (Sp ear man correlationonl y) | PCR | Blood (leukocyte) | 6.00% | − 0.26 |
TL assay CV = inter-assay coefficient of variation of T/S ratio.
a
Sample sizes and demographics represent only those subjects with data for both PS and TL. For example, some studies enrolled from additional demographics but collected PS and TL on only a subset of subjects, while others collected PS and TL for a superset of subjects analyzed in the parent article.