. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 8.

Published in final edited form as: Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 May;31(5):965–972. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0557

Exhibit 3.

Percent Change Between Average Recommended And Adopted Physician Work Values By Type Of Service, 1994–2009

	All CMS decisions	Changed decisions
Type/year	(n = 2,471)	(n = 265)
New^a	−0.000	0.017
GENERAL CATEGORY OF SERVICE^b
Surgery	−0.014	−0.129^***
Radiology	−0.027^**	−0.204^***
Pathology and laboratory	−0.019	−0.194
Medicine	−0.047^****	−0.287^****
YEAR OF DECISION^c
1995	−0.001	0.008
1996	−0.021	−0.103
1997	0.026^***	0.042
1998	−0.007	−0.130
1999	−0.069^****	−0.177^***
2000	−0.008	−0.156^**
2001	−0.007	−0.476^****
2002	0.002	−0.216^***
2003	−0.007	−0.417^****
2004	0.019	−0.155
2005	0.010	−0.135
2006	0.017	0.049
2007	−0.032^****	0.045
2008	0.013	−0.105
2009	0.015	0.087

SOURCE Authors’ analysis. NOTES Based on multivariate regression. “Changed decisions” means that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) increased or decreased the work value recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA) Relative Value Update Committee. Change is measured as percentage change from the recommendation.

Reference category is existing services.

Reference category is evaluation and management services.

Reference category is 1994.

^**

p < 0:05

^***

p < 0:01

^****

p < 0:001