Table 3. Differences in clinical course among CMV-DNA− patients, CMV-DNA+ patients with low viral load, and CMV-DNA+ patients with high viral load (N = 46).

Characteristics	CMV-DNA(−) (n = 34)	CMV-DNA(+) low viral load (n = 6)	CMV-DNA(+) high viral load (n = 6)	p value DNA(−) vs DNA(+) low	p value DNA(−) vs DNA(+) high	p value DNA(+) low vs DNA(+) high
Response with 5-ASA alone	10 (29%)	1 (17%)	0
Response with additional PSL alone	14 (41%)	2 (33%)	4 (66%)
Response with additional PSL and immunosuppressant/ immunomodulatora	9 (26%)	3 (50%)	1 (17%)
Response with additional PSL and immunosuppressant/ immunomodulator and biologicsb / surgery	1 (3%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)	0.683	0.163	0.372

^aImmunosuppressants/ immunomodulators include azathioprine, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine.

^bBiologics includes infliximab and adalimumab. The data were analyzed byχ2 test.

Abbreviations: PSL, prednisolone (corticosteroid); Bio, biologics (infliximab, no patients received adalimumab).