. 2017 Sep 8;12(9):e0183956. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183956

Table 1. Medicinal Flora of Pearl Valley Tehsil Rawalakot, District Poonch AJ&K.

	Scientific Name and voucher number	Local name and habit	Family	Part Used	Method of preparation/property	Mode of application	Disease treated	FC	RFC	UV
1	Abies pindrow Royle (HF-99)	Partal, Paluder silver fir, Tree	Pinaceae	Leaf	paste	External	Swelling	48	0.75	1.03
					Juice	Internal	Antypiretic
				Bark	Powder	Internal	Cough chronic asthma.
				Bark	Tea	Internal	Rheumatism
				Resin	Resin	External	Wounds.
				Root	Decoction	Internal	Cough, bronchitis
2	Achillea millefolium L. (HF-77)	Yarrow, Herb	Asteraceae	Flower	Extract	Internal	Refrigerante	24	0.38	0.33
				Leaves	Powder	External	Toothache
					Powder	External	Toothache
3	Achyranthes aspera var. perphyristachya Hook. F. (HF-128)	Puth kanda, Herb	Amaranthaceae	Root	Decoction	Internal	Inflammation	21	0.33	0.38
3		Puth kanda, Herb	Amaranthaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Pain	21	0.33	0.38
4	Adhatoda zeylanica L. (HF-139)	Bahkar, Herb	Acanthaceae	Bark	Powder	Internal	Stomachache	35	0.55	0.59
				Bark			Constipation
				Leaves			Asthma
				Root			Cough
5	Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (HF-101)	Hansraj, Sraj fern	Adiantaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Cough	57	0.89	0.97
							Boils
							Asthma
							Jaundice
							Fever
							Diabetes
							Eczema
							Measles
							Chest pain
6	Adiantum incisum Foressk (HF-120)	Sumbul, Hansraj, Fern		Leaves	Juice	Internal	Scabies	44	0.69	0.64
							Cough
							Antypiretic
							Bodyache
7	Aesculus indica (Wall.ex Camb.) Hook.f. (HF-91)	Bankhore, Horsechestnut, Tree	Hippocastanaceae	Bark	Infusion	Internal	Tonic	33	0.52	0.5
				Fruits	Eaten	Internal	Colic, Rheumatim
				Seed	Powder	Internal	Leucorrhoea
8	Ajuga bracteosa Wall, ex Benth (HF-82)	Ratti booti, Herb	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Extract	Internal	Blood purifier	58	0.91	1
							Pimples
							Eruption

				Leaves	Extract	Internal	Inflammation
							Earache
							Pain
							Toothache
							Boils
9	Albizia lebbeck L. Bth. (HF-89)	Shirin, Tree	Mimoaceae	Seeds		External	Inflammation	57	0.89	0.83
							Leukoderma
							Leprosy
							Eczema
				Bark	Powdered	External	Strengthen spongy gums
				Bark and seeds	Extract	Internal	Haemorroids
							Dysentery
							Diarrhea
				Flowers	Paste	External	Carbuncles
							Eczema
							Swelling
							Boils
				Seed	Oil	External	Snake bite
				Seed	Oil	External	Asthma
10	Allium griffithianum Boiss (HF-83)	Piazi, Herb	Alliaceae	Aerial parts	Cooked	Internal	Carminative	29	0.45	0.53
							Dyspepsia
							Pain
11	Alysicarpus bupleurifolius L. D.C (HF-84)	Buffalo clover, Herb	Paplionaceae	Leaves	Juice	Internal	Blood purifier	15	0.23	0.22
12	Anaphalis adnata D.C (HF-20)	Dialect, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaves	Powder	External	Bleeding	19	0.3	0.42
12	Anaphalis adnata D.C (HF-20)	Dialect, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaves	Powder	External	Wound	19	0.3	0.42
13	Androsace rotundifolia Hardwicke (HF-10)	Thandi jari, Herb	Primulaceae	Rhizome	Extract	Internal	Ophthalmic	25	0.39	0.67
				Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Stomachache
				Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Emetic
14	Anemone tetrasepala Royle (HF-61)	Herb	Ranunculaceae	Roots	Juice	External	Boils	12	0.19	0.34
15	Aquilegia pubiflora Wall ex Royle. (HF-61)	Herb	Ranunculaceae	Root	Paste	External	Snake bite	37	0.58	0.45
							Toothache
							Emetic
				Flower	Paste	External	Skin burns
				Flower	Paste	External	Wound
16	Artemisia absinthium L. (HF-46)	Afsanthene, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaves	Infusion, paste	Internal	Anthelmintic	51	0.8	0.98
							Cuts
							Wounds
							Stomach disorders
							Pain
17	Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess. (HF-17)	Asfanthene, Herb	Asteraceae	Seeds	Cooked	Internal	Weakness after delivery.	23	0.36	0.52
				Leaves	Paste	External	Cuts
							Ear diseases
							Wounds
				Aerial parts	External	External	Vermicide
18	Artemisia maritime L. (HF-16)	Afsanthene, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Skin infections.	41	0.64	0.77
18	Artemisia maritime L. (HF-16)	Afsanthene, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaf and stem	Powder	Internal	Intestinal parasites.	41	0.64	0.77
19	Asparagus filicinus Ham. in D.Don (HF-23)	Macher ghas, Herb	Liliaceae	Root	Decoction	Internal	Nervous stimulant.	38	0.59	0.66
20	Athyrium tenuifrons Wall.apud Moore ex. R.Sim (HF-123)	Dandasa, Fern	Adiantaceae	Root	Tea	Internal	Bodyache	32	0.5	0.58
20	Athyrium tenuifrons Wall.apud Moore ex. R.Sim (HF-123)	Dandasa, Fern	Adiantaceae	Root	Powder	External	Wound	32	0.5	0.58
21	Berberis aristata DC. (HF-26)	Doody, Indian barberry, Herb	Berberidaceae	Bark	Tooth stick	External	Mouth Inflammation	21	0.33	0.38
				Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Backache
				Fruit	Paste	External	Dental, Prophylaxis
22	Berberis lycium Royle (HF-81)	Sumblu, Shrub	Berberidaceae	Roots	Extract	Internal	Tonic	59	0.92	0.98
							Pustules
							Hemorrhoids
							Diabetes
							Eye lotion
				Roots	Paste	External	Skin disease
							Chronic diarrhea
							Blood purifier
							Scabies
							Fracture
23	Bergenia ciliata (Haw.)Sternb. (HF-18)	Zakhm-e-Hayat, Herb	Saxifragaceae	Aerial parts	Powder	Internal	Urinary tract troubles	29	0.45	0.39
				Aerial parts	Powder	Internal	Earache
				Leaves	Juice	External	Cough
				Root	Juice	Internal	Cold
				Root	Juice	Internal	Kidney stones
24	Calendula officinalis L. (HF-138)	Sadberga, Herb	Asteraceae	Young branches	Extract	Internal	Kidney stones	46	0.72	0.98
25	Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (HF-59)	Ak, Shurb	Asclepiadaceae	Latex	Latex	External	Aphrodisiacs	35	0.55	0.59
25	Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (HF-59)	Ak, Shurb	Asclepiadaceae	Root	Power	Internal	Boils	35	0.55	0.59
26	Caltha alba var. alba Camb. var. alba (HF-26)	Herb	Ranunculaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Antispasmodic	29	0.45	0.28
26	Caltha alba var. alba Camb. var. alba (HF-26)	Herb	Ranunculaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Sedative	29	0.45	0.28
27	Campanula benthamii Wall. (HF-63)	Herb	Companulaceae	Root	Chewing	External	Strengthen heart	19	0.3	0.36
27	Campanula benthamii Wall. (HF-63)	Herb	Companulaceae	Root	Chewing	External	Earach	19	0.3	0.36
28	Carissa opaca Stapf. ex Haines (HF-32)	Garanda, Small tree	Apocynaceae	Fruit	Powder	Internal	Pain	35	0.55	0.59
28	Carissa opaca Stapf. ex Haines (HF-32)	Garanda, Small tree	Apocynaceae	Stem	Powder	Internal	Inflammation	35	0.55	0.59
29	Carthamus tinctorius L. (HF-42)	Kasumba (zafran)	Astreaceae	Flowers	Rubbing	Internal	Pneumonia	29	0.45	0.66
29	Carthamus tinctorius L. (HF-42)	Kasumba (zafran)	Astreaceae	Flowers	Boil	External	Pneumonia	29	0.45	0.66
30	Castanea sativa Mill. (HF-19)	Chita sanghara, Chest nut, Tree	Fagaceae	Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Antypiretics	21	0.33	0.38
				Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Antypiretics
				Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Pharyngitis
31	Cedrela serrata Royle. (HF-24)	Drawa, Tree	Melliaceae	Stem and bark	Paste	External	Round worms.	54	0.84	0.83
				Root	Juice	Internal	Dyspepsia, Diabetes
				Leaves	Decoction	External	Refrigerante shampoo
				Bark	Poultice	Internal	Ulcers
				Bark	Powder	Internal	Chronic infantile dysentery.
32	Celtis caucasica Willd (HF-72)	Batkaral, Tree	Ulmaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Pain, Amenorrhea.	17	0.27	0.45
33	Cichorium intybus L. (HF-142)	Kahsni, Herb	Asteraceae	Roots	Juice	Internal	Antypiretic	33	0.52	0.73
34	Clematis buchananiana DC. (HF-84)	Langi, Shrub	Ranunculaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Eczema	43	0.67	0.75
							Psoriasis (type of skin diseases)
							Wound
				Roots	Crushing and wrapping	External	Bleeding
				Roots	Poultice Juice	External Internal	Swellings, inflammation
				Roots	Poultice Juice	External Internal	Peptic ulcers
35	Clematis montana Buch. (HF-118)	Langi, Shrub	Ranunculaceae	Leaves	Extract	Internal	Diabetes	27	0.42	0.33
35	Clematis montana Buch. (HF-118)	Langi, Shrub	Ranunculaceae	Flowers	Decoction	Internal	Cough	27	0.42	0.33
36	Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. (HF-51)	Buti, Herb	Asterceae	Aerial parts	Infusion	Internal	Diarrhea	41	0.64	0.77
							Haemorroids
							Dysentery
37	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (HF-131)	Neela dari, Climber	Cuscutaceae	Whole plant	Juice	Internal	Jaundice	21	0.33	0.38
37	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (HF-131)	Neela dari, Climber	Cuscutaceae	Whole plant	Juice	External	Dandruff	21	0.33	0.38
38	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (HF-09)	Tahli, Tree	Fabaceae	Stem bark	Juice	External	Eczema	39	0.61	0.77
				Crushed leaves	Juice	Internal	Blood purifier
				Leaves	Washing	External	Increase hair length
39	Debregeasia salicifolia D.Don Rendle (HF-78)	Sandari, Shrub	Urticaceae	Aerial parts	Paste	External	Eczema, dermatitis	15	0.23	0.41
40	Desmodium polycarpum DC. (HF-83)	Mangkit-parang, Shrub	Paplinioaceae	Roots	Juice	Internal	Antypiretic	34	0.53	0.88
							Helminthiasis
							Haemorroid
							Antypiretic
							Cough
							Cardiac tonic
							Diuretic
							Loss of appetite
							Carminative
							Diarrhea
							Dysentery
41	Desmostachya bipinnata L. Stapf. (HF-13)	Dab, Grass	Poaceae	Roots	Tea	Internal	Hypertension	14	0.22	0.17
42	Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees (HF-58)	Kirch, Somni, Herb	Acanthaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Wounds	52	0.81	0.86
				Leaves	Paste	External	Eczema
				Leaves	Decoction	External	Tonic
				Leaves	Decoction	External	Cough
43	Dioscorea bulbifera L. (HF-57)	Herb	Dioscoreaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Contraceptive.	41	0.64	0.81
44	Dioscorea deltoideaWall. ex Kunth (HF-50)	Herb	Dioscoreaceae	Rhizome	Taken as raw form	Internal	Insect killer	36	0.56	0.48
44	Dioscorea deltoideaWall. ex Kunth (HF-50)	Herb	Dioscoreaceae	Rhizome	Taken as raw form	Internal	Snake bite	36	0.56	0.48
45	Duchesnea Andrews) Focke (HF-84)	Budimewa, Herb	Rosaceae	Fruit	Juice	Internal	Eye Infection	33	0.52	0.61
45	Duchesnea Andrews) Focke (HF-84)	Budimewa, Herb	Rosaceae	Fruit	Juice	Internal	Tonic	33	0.52	0.61
46	Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (HF-92)	Sinjit, Tree	Elaeagnaceae	Ripe fruits	Boiled	Internal	Pharyngitis, Antypiretic	29	0.45	0.66
46	Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (HF-92)	Sinjit, Tree	Elaeagnaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Cough Fever	29	0.45	0.66
47	Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (HF-94)	Chota zaton, Russian olive, Tree	Elaeagnaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Cough	33	0.52	0.73
				Flowers	Decoction	Internal	Heart diseases.
				Seeds	Taken as raw form	Internal	Immunity
				Branch	Exude	External	Toothache
48	Eriobotrya japonica Thumb. Lindler (HF-55)	Loquat, Tree	Rosaceae	Leaves	Poultice	External	Swellings.	44	0.69	0.89
				Fruits	Taken as raw form	Internal	Sedative
				Fruits	Taken as raw form	Internal	Emetic
				Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Relieve diarrhea.
				Flowers	Infusion	Internal	Refrigerante
49	Euphorbia helioscopia L. (HF-87)	Dhodhal, Dandlion, Herb	Euphorbiaceae	Seeds	Juice	Internal	Cholera	49	0.77	0.72
49	Euphorbia helioscopia L. (HF-87)	Dhodhal, Dandlion, Herb	Euphorbiaceae	Roots	Paste	Internal	Anthelmintic	49	0.77	0.72
50	Euphorbia wallichii Hk.f (HF-80)	Dhodhal Dandlion, Herb	Euphorbiaceae	Aerial parts	Latex Juice	Internal	Purgative	42	0.66	0.91
							Dyspepsia
							Purgative
							Warts
							Skin infections
51	Ficus carica L. (HF-54)	Phagwar, Tree	Moraceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Stomachache	52	0.81	0.95
							Haemorroids
							Cystitis
							Anemia
							Constipation
				Leaves	Latex	External	Wounds
				Latex	Rubbing	External	Extract thorns from feet or other body organs.
52	Ficus palmate Forssk. (HF-32)	Phaghwar, Anjir, Tree	Moraceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Demulcent	37	0.58	0.84
							Purgative
							Lungs diseases
							Refrigerante
							Cystitis
				Aerial parts	Paste	External	Freckles
				Latex		External	Eczeema
53	Fragaria nubicola Lindl. ex Lacaita (HF-87)	Budi meva, Wild Straberry, Herb	Rosaceae	Fruit	Chewed	Internal	Purgative	35	0.55	0.5
							Mouth infection
							Purgative
54	Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (HF-48)	Papra, Herb	Fumaricaceae	Aerial parts	Juice, Paste	Internal	Antypiretic	48	0.75	0.84
							Skin infection
							Purify blood
							Pimples,
							Constipation
							Eczima
55	Galium aparine L. (HF-40)	Lainda, Herb	Rubicaceae	Aerial parts	Powder	External	Bleeding	15	0.23	0.31
56	Galium asperifolium Wall (HF-80)	Lainda, Herb	Rubicaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Diuretic	22	0.34	0.38
56	Galium asperifolium Wall (HF-80)	Lainda, Herb	Rubicaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Kidney Infections	22	0.34	0.38
57	Gerbera gossypina (Royle) Beauverd (HF-65)	Put Potula, Herb	Asteraceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Skin diseases	37	0.58	0.66
							Bone fracture
							Wounds and cuts
							Pain
58	Hedera nepalensis K. Koch (HF-112)	Harbumbal epiphyte	Araliaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Diabetes	11	0.17	0.13
59	Heracleum cachemirica C.B. Clarke (HF-76)	Tukar, Shrub	Apiaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Nerve disorders.	18	0.28	0.19
59	Heracleum cachemirica C.B. Clarke (HF-76)	Tukar, Shrub	Apiaceae	Aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Nausea	18	0.28	0.19
60	Heracleum candicans Wall ex. DC (HF-85)	Herb	Apiaceae	Aerial parts	Tea	Internal	Nerve disorders.	12	0.19	0.14
61	Hypericum perforatum L. (HF-02)	Herb	Guttiferae	Flowers	Infusion	Internal	Snake bite	47	0.73	0.61
							Wounds
							Swellings
							Rheumatism
							Sores
							Ulcers
62	Ipomoea carnea Jac. (HF-142)	Jungli bakhir, Shurb	Convolvulaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Athlete foot.	33	0.52	0.73
63	Isodon rugosus (Wall.ex.Benth.) Codd. (HF-35)	Khwangere, Shrub	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Blood pressure	37	0.58	0.75
							Toothache
							Fever
							Rheumatism
64	Jasminum mesnyi Hance (HF-70)	Pili chambali, Shrub	Oleaceae	Leaves	Powder	External	Dandruff	51	0.80	0.67
				Leaves	Powder	External	Pains
				Leaves	Chewing	Internal	Mouth ulcers
				Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Pyorrhea
				Branches	Ash	External	Headache
				Branches	Ash	External	Joint pain
				Dried flower	Powder	Internal	Hepatic disorders.
65	Juglans regia L. (HF-71)	Akhrot, Khore, Tree	Juglandaceae	Leave	Decoction	External	Antispasmodic	51	0.8	0.92
				Bark	Rubbing	External	Prophylaxis
				Bark	Rubbing	External	Lips and gums dye
				Seeds	Oil	External	Rheumatim
				Roots and leaves	Powder	External	Antiseptic
66	Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin (HF-134)	Hand, Herb	Asteraceae	Whole plant	Taken as raw form	Internal	Diabetes	29	0.45	0.66
66	Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin (HF-134)	Hand, Herb	Asteraceae	Whole plant	Taken as raw form	Internal	Pain	29	0.45	0.66
67	Lepidium sativum L. (HF-136)	Haleon, Herb	Brassicaceae	Seeds	Cooked	Internal	Backache	17	0.27	0.45
68	Lespedeza juncea L.f. (HF-06)	Herb	Paplionaceae	Root	Juice	Internal	Diarrhea	26	0.41	0.38
68	Lespedeza juncea L.f. (HF-06)	Herb	Paplionaceae	Root	Juice	Internal	Dysentery	26	0.41	0.38
69	Ligustrum lucidum Ait.f. (HF-111)	Guliston, Shrub	Oleaceae	Aerial parts	Extracts	Internal	Antitumor	23	0.36	0.5
70	Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (HF-03)	Herb	Malvaceae	Aerial parts	Decoction	Internal	Kill worms	38	0.59	0.41
70	Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (HF-03)	Herb	Malvaceae	Aerial parts	Decoction	Internal	Dysentery	38	0.59	0.41
71	Melilotus alba Desr (HF-04)	Herb	Papilionaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Joint inflammation.	15	0.23	0.3
72	Mentha royleana subsp. hymalaiensis Briq. (HF-07)	Podina, Herb	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Juice, Powder to make chattni	Internal	Stomach disorder	58	0.91	0.97
							Cough
							Antypiretic
							Cholera
							Emetic
							Indigestion
							Gas trouble
73	Momordica charantia L. (HF-129)	Khrella, Climber	Cucurbitaceae	Fruit	Juice	Internal	Diabetes	21	0.33	0.38
				Fruit		Internal	Pain
				Leaves		External	Swelling
74	Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd (HF-152)	Epiphyte	Cucurbitaceae	Roots	Cooked	Internal	Haemorroids	15	0.23	0.17
74	Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd (HF-152)	Epiphyte	Cucurbitaceae	Roots	Cooked	Internal	Urinary problem	15	0.23	0.17
75	Myrsine africana L. (HF-60)	Gorkhan, Chapra, Bebrang, Shrub	Myrsinaceae	Fruits	Powder	Internal	Stomachache
							Purgative
							Anthelmintic
							Parminative
				Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Blood purifier
76	Nepeta erecta (Boyle ex Benth.) Berth. (HF-50)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Flowers	Juice	Internal	Cough	53	0.83	0.78
				Leaves	Juice	Internal	Blood
							Pressure
							Toothache
							Flu
							Antypiretic
							Fever
77	Nepeta laevigata D.Don Hand (HF-53)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Fruit	Infusion	Internal	Dysentery	17	0.27	0.22
78	Nerium oleander L. (HF-37)	Kanair, Tree	Apocynaceae	Leave	Paste	External	Cutaneous eruption	46	0.72	0.98
				Leave	Decoction	Internal	Wounds
				Leave	Decoction	Internal	Swelling
				Bark	Decoction	Internal	Eczema, leprosy
				Roots	Powder	Internal	Abortion
				Roots	Paste	External	Scorpion sting, snakebite.
79	Oenothera rosea L.Her. ex. Ait (HF-91)	Buti, Herb	Onagraceae	Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Hepatic pain	45	0.7	0.64
79	Oenothera rosea L.Her. ex. Ait (HF-91)	Buti, Herb	Onagraceae	Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Kidney disorders	45	0.7	0.64
80	Opuntia dillenii Haw. (HF-142)	Thor, Shurb	Cactaceae	Whole plant	Paste	External	Joints pain	33	0.52	0.5
81	Parthenium hysterophorus L. (HF-07)	Herb	Asteraceae	Root	Decoction	Internal	Eczema	35	0.55	0.59
81	Parthenium hysterophorus L. (HF-07)	Herb	Asteraceae	Root	Decoction	Internal	Dysentery	35	0.55	0.59
82	Pimpinella stewartii Dunn. E.Nasir (HF-08)	Tarpakki, Herb	Apiaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Stomachache	12	0.19	0.3
83	Pinus roxburgii Roxb (HF-94)	Chir, Tree	Pinaceae	Leaves bark Powder	Juice	Internal	Dysentery.	58	0.91	1.13
				Resin	Poultice	Internal	Ulcer
							Tumor
							Bleeding
							Cough
							Snake bite
							Wound
84	Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson (HF-58)	Biar, blue pine, Tree	Pinaceae	Resin	Poultice	External	Wound	42	0.66	0.84
85	Pistacia chinensis ssp. Integerrima (J. L. Stewart) Rech. f. (HF-22)	Kangar, Tree	Anacardiaceae	Stem gum	Powder	Internal	Dysentery.	43	0.67	0.91
					Powder		Dysentery.
				Bark	Paste	External	Cracked heels
				Bark	Paste	External	Wound
86	Plantago lanceolata L. (HF-88)	Ispgol, Herb	Plantaginaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Wound	53	0.83	0.91
				Seeds	Extract	Internal	Toothache
							Purgative
							Hemostatic
							Dysentery
87	Poa nepalensis Walls ex. Duthie. (HF-131)	Grass	Poaceae	Leaves	Decoction mixed with water	External	Anti-lice	29	0.45	0.42
88	Podophyllum emodi Wall ex Royle (HF-87)	Banhakri Herb	Podophyllaceae	Root	Extract	Internal	Purgative,	48	0.75	0.83
							Liver
							Stomachache
89	Polygonatum multiflorum L. Smith (HF-78)	Herb	Liliaceae	Leave	Paste	External	Wound	17	0.27	0.19
90	Polystichum squarrosum (D. Don) Fée (HF-114)	Gha, Fern	Dryopteridaceae	Root	Decoction	Internal	Pyloricdisease	13	0.2	0.3
91	Prunella vulgaris L. (HF-63)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Seeds	Taken as raw form	Internal	Purgative	58	0.91	0.98
							Antipyretic
							Tonic
							Eye sight weakness
							Astama
							Heart diseases
							Inflammation
							Diuretic
92	Prunus armeniaca L. (HF-24)	Hari, Khubani, Apricot, Tree	Rosaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Purgative	31	0.48	0.39
92	Prunus armeniaca L. (HF-24)	Hari, Khubani, Apricot, Tree	Rosaceae	Seed	Oil	External	Softening effect on the skin.	31	0.48	0.39
93	Prunus domestica L. (HF-31)	Lucha, Alu bukhara, Tree	Rosaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Miscarriage	34	0.53	0.84
93	Prunus domestica L. (HF-31)	Lucha, Alu bukhara, Tree	Rosaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Irregular menstruation debility	34	0.53	0.84
94	Prunus persica L.Batch (HF-49)	Aru, Peach, Tree	Rosaceae	Leaves	Juice	Internal	Chest infection	44	0.69	0.88
							Gastritis
							Whooping cough
							Bronchitis
							Intestinal Anthalmatic
							Anthalmatic for cattles
95	Pteris cretica L.(HF-158)	Cretan brake, Fern	Pteridaceae	Leaves	Paste	Internal	Wound	9	0.14	0.17
96	Punica granatum L. (HF-22)	Druna, Tree	Punicacea	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Cough, tonic	52	0.81	1
				Leaves	Juice	Internal	Dysentery
				Bark stem and root	Decoction	Internal	Mouthwash
							Anthelmintic for tapeworms
							Expectorant
97	Pyrus malus L. (HF-26)	Saib, Tree	Rosaceae	Fruit	Juice, paste	Internal	Rheumatism	46	0.72	0.81
							Hypertension
							Tonic for vigorous body
							Fracails
							Strengthen bones
							Constipation
98	Pyrus pashia Ham.ex.D.Don (HF-17)	Butangi, Tree	Rosaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Eye dark circles	49	0.77	0.95
99	Quercus baloot Griff (HF-90)	Rein, Shah baloot, Oak, Tree	Fagaceae	Bark	Powder	Internal	Asthma	43	0.67	0.86
99	Quercus baloot Griff (HF-90)	Rein, Shah baloot, Oak, Tree	Fagaceae	Nut	Decoction	Internal	Urinary problems, cough, cold.	43	0.67	0.86
100	Quercus dilatata Royle (HF-68)	Oak, Barungi, Tree	Fagaceae	Fruit	Powder	Internal	Tonic	47	0.73	0.36
100	Quercus dilatata Royle (HF-68)	Oak, Barungi, Tree	Fagaceae	Bark	Decoction	Internal	Dysentery	47	0.73	0.36
101	Quercus incana Roxb. (HF-49)	Rein, Ban, Rinji, Tree	Fagaceae	Bark	Powder	Internal	Asthma	41	0.64	0.95
							Antypiretic
							Rheumatism
							Backache
							Cough
102	Ranunculus muricatus L. (HF-76)	Herb	Ranunculaceae	Aerial parts	Cooked	Internal	Asthma	14	0.22	0.19
103	Robinia pseudoacacia L. (HF-83)	Kikar, Tree	Papilionaceae	Bark	Chewing	External	Toothache	31	0.48	0.8
104	Rosa brunonii Lindl. (HF-121)	Chal, Tarni, Musk Rose, Shrub	Rosaceae	Flower	Decoction	Internal	Constipation	49	0.77	0.84
				Flowers	Powder	Internal	Diarrhea
							Heart tonic
							Eye diseases
							Eczema
							Wounds
105	Rubus fruticosus Hk f. non L (HF-50)	Garachey, Shrub	Rosaceae	Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Diarrhea	57	0.89	0.98
				Leaves	Infusion	Internal	Antypiretic
				Bark	Soaking	Internal	Diabetes
106	Rubus niveus Thunb. (HF-100)	Garachey, Shrub	Rosaceae	Leaves	Extract	External	Urticaria (skin disease)	32	0.5	0.59
				Leaves	Powder	Internal	Diarrhea
							Diuretic
							Antypiretic
				Root	Decoction	Internal	Dysentery
							Colic pains
							Whooping coughs
							Diarrhea
107	Rumex dentatus L. (HF-101)	Jangli Palak Herb	Polygoneaceae	Leaves	Paste	External	Wound	41	0.64	0.59
107	Rumex dentatus L. (HF-101)	Jangli Palak Herb	Polygoneaceae	Roots	Paste	External	Eczema	41	0.64	0.59
108	Rumex hastatus L. (HF-44)	Khatimal, Shrub	Polygonoceae	Roots	Juice	Internal	Asthma	32	0.5	0.64
							Weakness in cattle
							Antypiretic
							Cough
109	Salix acmophylla Boiss. (HF-85)	Beens, Bed, Gaith, Tree	Salicaceae	Leaves	Paste, boiled with Robinia pseudoacacia and Cotula anthemoids	Internal	Boils	51	0.8	0.98
				Branch	Chewing	Internal	Hernia
							Antypiretic
							Joints Inflammation
							Stomachache
110	Salix denticulata Andersson (HF-79)	Terik, Jangali Bed, Tree	Salicaceae	Stem and root bark	Boiled	Internal	Headache	34	0.53	0.39
							Antypiretic
							Paralysis
				Leaves, branches	Paste	External	Itching
				Leaves, branches	Paste	External	Eczema
111	Salvia hians Royle (HF-107)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Juice	Internal	Cough	31	0.48	0.66
							Fever
							Anxiety
112	Salvia lanata Roxb. (HF-51)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Poultice	External	Eczema	27	0.42	0.48
112	Salvia lanata Roxb. (HF-51)	Herb	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Poultice	External	Wound	27	0.42	0.48
113	Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. Ex Benth (HF-59)	Kaljari, Herb	Lamiaceae	aerial parts	Juice	Internal	Diarrhea	51	0.8	0.89
							Gas trouble
							Cough
							Stomachache
114	Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn. (HF-52)	Gandala, Herb	Caprifoliaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Stomachache	19	0.3	0.5
114	Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn. (HF-52)	Gandala, Herb	Caprifoliaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Anthelmintic	19	0.3	0.5
115	Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (HF-79)	Ritha, Soap nut, Tree	Sapindaceae	Seeds	Powdered	External	Anthalmantic	47	0.73	0.77
115	Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (HF-79)	Ritha, Soap nut, Tree	Sapindaceae	Fruits	Rubbing	External	Boils	47	0.73	0.77
116	Sarcococca saligna D. Don Muell (HF-66)	Bansathra, Shrub	Buxaceae	Leaves and shoots	Decoction	Internal	Joints pain	23	0.36	0.23
							Blood purifier
							Purgative
				Leaves	Powder	External	Burns
				Root	Juice	Internal	Gonorrhea.
117	Saussurea candolleana Wall. Ex. D.C Clarke (HF-84)	Herb	Asteraceae	Roots	Extract	Internal	Tonic	23	0.36	0.28
118	Skimmia laureola DC. Sieb (HF-08)	Nazar Panra, Tree	Rutaceae	Leaves	Powdered	External	Smallpox, anthalmatic, colic.	48	0.75	0.59
119	Smilax glaucophylla Klotroch (HF-115)	Epiphyte	Smilicaceae	Aerial parts	Infusion	Internal	Carminative	32	0.5	0.55
							Dog bite
							Spasm
							Antypiretic
120	Sophora mollis (Royle) Baker (HF-56)	Buna, Sakina, Shrub	Paplionaceae	Flowers	Powder	External	Pimples	21	0.33	0.36
							Wound
							Inflammation
							Sun burns
121	Swertia ciliate G.Don B. L. Burtt (HF-75)	Herb	Gentianaceae	Aerial part	Decoction	Internal	Cough	48	0.75	0.88
							Cold
							Antypiretic
122	Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg (HF-102)	Handh, Herb	Asteraceae	Roots	Decoction	Internal	Jaundice	56	0.88	0.92
				Leaves	Cooked	Internal	Swellings
							Diuretic
							Tonic
123	Themeda ananthra Nees ex Steud.Anderss. (HF-39)	Grass	Poaceae	Aerial parts	Poultice	External	Backche	41	0.64	0.5
123	Themeda ananthra Nees ex Steud.Anderss. (HF-39)	Grass	Poaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Blood purifier	41	0.64	0.5
124	Thymus liniaris Benth. Subsp. Liniaris Jalas (HF-105)	Herb	Lamiaceae	leaves and flowers	Powder	Internal	Strengthen teeth and gum	32	0.5	0.64
				leaves and flowers	Powder	Internal	Bleeding
				Flower	Grounded seeds of Carum carvi with flowers	Internal	Digestion
125	Trichodesma incanum (Bunge) A. DC. (HF-145)	Handusi booti Herb	Borangniceae	Leaves	Boiling	Internal	Flu	31	0.48	0.48
125	Trichodesma incanum (Bunge) A. DC. (HF-145)	Handusi booti Herb	Borangniceae	Leaves	Boiling	Internal	Cough	31	0.48	0.48
126	Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br.(HF-178)	Handusi, Herb	Boraginaceae	Whole plant	Cooked	Internal	Backache	41	0.64	0.5
					Internal		Weakness
					External		Kidney stone
127	Valeraina jatamansi Joes (HF-77)	Herb	Valerianaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	Internal	Constipation	19	0.3	0.41
128	Verbascum thapsus L. (HF-107)	Gider tabacoo Herb	Valerianaceae	Roots	Decoction	Internal	Toothache	17	0.27	0.25
							Convulsions
							Bleeding gum
129	Vibernum nervosum D.Don (HF-78)	Taliana, Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Stomachache	15	0.23	0.3
129	Vibernum nervosum D.Don (HF-78)	Taliana, Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Anemia	15	0.23	0.3
130	Viburnum cotinifolium D. Don (HF-95)	Taliana, Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Purgative	31	0.48	0.33
				Fruit	Taken as raw form	Internal	Blood Purifier
				Leaves	Extract	Internal	Menorrhagia
131	Viburnum grandiflorum Wall.ex.DC (HF-47)	Guch, Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Seed	Juice	Internal	Typhoid	25	0.39	0.2
131	Viburnum grandiflorum Wall.ex.DC (HF-47)	Guch, Shrub	Caprifoliaceae	Seed	Juice	Internal	Whooping cough	25	0.39	0.2
132	Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicres (HF-109)	Herb	Asclepidaceae	Aerial parts	Decoction	Internal	Boils	48	0.75	0.8
132	Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicres (HF-109)	Herb	Asclepidaceae	Aerial parts	Decoction	Internal	Pimples	48	0.75	0.8
133	Viola canescens Wall.ex Roxb. (HF-108)	Banafsha. Herb	Violaceae	Leaves	Juice	Internal	Cough	51	0.8	0.84
							Jaundice
							Antypiretic
							Fever
134	Viola pilosa Blume (HF-11)	Banafsha. Herb	Violaceae	Leaves	Decoction	Internal	Pain	47	0.73	0.81
							Antypiretic
							Stomach ulcer
135	Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Prodr (HF-88)	Timbar, Shrub	Rutaceae	Fruit, branches	Juice	Internal	Carminative	60	0.94	1.13
							Cholera
							Stomachache
							Gum, toothache
							Indigestion
							Haemorroids
							Stomachache
				Seed	Powder	Internal	Stomachache
							Toothache
							Gums problems
					Chewed	Internal	Antipyretic
							Stomachic
							Diuretic
136	Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Arn. (HF-88)	Ber, Tree	Rhamnaceae	Fruit	Decoction	External	Dandruff	51	0.8	0.98
136	Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Arn. (HF-88)	Ber, Tree	Rhamnaceae	Bark	Mixed with Milk and honey	Internal	Diarrhea and dysentery	51	0.8	0.98

Key words: FC = Frequency of citation; RFC = Relative Frequency of Citation; UV = Use Value